Abstract: According to the present invention, a flavoring-loaded component for a tobacco product includes a component for a tobacco product and a flavoring composition that is loaded on the component and includes a flavoring and an emulsifier that has an HLB of 1-7.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device includes an electrode unit, a power control unit, an organic material storage tank, a concentration measurement unit, a water storage tank, a gas-water separation unit, and a control unit. The electrode unit includes an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The control unit controls the power control unit so as to satisfy a relation of VHER?Vallow?VCA?VTRR when the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, the standard redox potential of the aromatic compound, and the potential of the reduction electrode are expressed as VHER, VTRR, and VCA, respectively. Vallow is adjusted according to the concentration of the aromatic compound measured by the concentration measurement unit.

Abstract: A device for producing an organic hydride 10 of an aspect of the present invention has an electrochemical cell provided with an anode 12 on a surface of an electrolyte membrane 11 and a cathode including a cathode catalyst layer 13 and a cathode diffusion layer 14 on another surface of the electrolyte membrane 11. A gap is provided between the anode 12 and the electrolyte membrane 11. The anode 12 has a network structure with an aperture ratio of 30 to 70%, and has an electrical supply supporting material formed of an electronic conductor and the electrode catalyst held by the electrical supply supporting material.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device includes an electrode unit, a power control unit, a concentration measurement unit, and a control unit. The electrode unit includes an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The control unit controls the power control unit such that a current value I flowing through the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode satisfies Equation, I?Imax (C). In Equation, a maximum current value Imax (C) is defined according to a concentration C of an aromatic compound obtained by the concentration measurement unit such that Faraday efficiency is to be a predetermined value or more.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device comprising: an electrode unit configured to include an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode; a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode; a concentration measurement unit that measures a concentration of an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode; and a raw material supply amount adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of an organic liquid including an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode per unit time based on the concentration measured by the concentration measurement unit.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device comprises an electrode unit including an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode; a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode; a hydrogen gas generation rate measurement unit that measures a hydrogen gas generation rate F1; and a control unit that controls the power control unit so as to gradually increase the Va within a range that satisfies a relationship of F1?F0 and VCA>VHER?acceptable potential difference (APD), when the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode is VHER, the potential of the reduction electrode is VCA, the acceptable upper limit of the hydrogen gas generation rate is F0, and the APD is a potential difference that defines an upper limit of a potential difference between VCA and VHER.

Abstract: A device for producing an organic hydride 10 of an aspect of the present invention has an electrochemical cell provided with an anode 12 on a surface of an electrolyte membrane 11 and a cathode including a cathode catalyst layer 13 and a cathode diffusion layer 14 on another surface of the electrolyte membrane 11. A gap is provided between the anode 12 and the electrolyte membrane 11. The anode 12 has a network structure with an aperture ratio of 30 to 70%, and has an electrical supply supporting material formed of an electronic conductor and the electrode catalyst held by the electrical supply supporting material.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device includes: an electrolyte membrane; a reduction electrode; an oxygen generating electrode; a raw material supplier; a moisture supplier; and a power controller. The oxygen generating electrode has: an electron conductive metal substrate; a protective layer that contains one or two or more metals or metal oxides, the metal (metals) being selected from the group consisting of Nb, Mo, Ta, and W, and that covers the metal substrate; and a catalyst that contains one or two or more metals or metal oxides, the metal (metals) being selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt, and that is held on the surface of the protective layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device includes: an electrolyte membrane; a reduction electrode including a reduction electrode catalyst layer, a diffusion layer, and a dense layer provided between the diffusion layer and the reduction electrode catalyst layer; an oxygen generating electrode; a raw material supplier that supplies the aromatic compound in a liquid state to the reduction electrode; a moisture supplier that supplies water or humidified gas to the oxygen generating electrode; and a power controller that externally applies an electric field such that the reduction electrode has an electronegative potential and the oxygen generating electrode has an electropositive potential.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device includes an electrode unit, a power control unit, a concentration measurement unit, and a control unit. The electrode unit includes an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The control unit controls the power control unit such that a current value I flowing through the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode satisfies Equation, I?Imax (C). In Equation, a maximum current value Imax (C) is defined according to a concentration C of an aromatic compound obtained by the concentration measurement unit such that Faraday efficiency is to be a predetermined value or more.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device includes an electrode unit, a power control unit, an organic material storage tank, a concentration measurement unit, a water storage tank, a gas-water separation unit, and a control unit. The electrode unit includes an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The control unit controls the power control unit so as to satisfy a relation of VHER?Vallow?VCA?VTRR when the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, the standard redox potential of the aromatic compound, and the potential of the reduction electrode are expressed as VHER, VTRR, and VCA, respectively. Vallow is adjusted according to the concentration of the aromatic compound measured by the concentration measurement unit.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device comprising: an electrode unit configured to include an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode that contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode; a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode; a concentration measurement unit that measures a concentration of an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode; and a raw material supply amount adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of an organic liquid including an aromatic compound to be supplied to the reduction electrode per unit time based on the concentration measured by the concentration measurement unit.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device is provided with an electrolyte membrane, an electrode unit, a power control unit, hydrogen gas generation amount measuring unit, and a control unit. The electrolyte membrane has ion conductivity. The electrode unit includes both a reduction electrode that is provided on one side of the electrolyte membrane and contains a reduction catalyst for hydrogenating at least one benzene ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The control unit releases, when the hydrogen gas generation amount F1 is larger than an acceptable upper limit F0 of a hydrogen gas generation amount in the electrode unit, the application of a voltage by the power control unit.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device comprises an electrode unit including an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode; a power control unit that applies a voltage Va between the reduction electrode and the oxygen evolving electrode; a hydrogen gas generation rate measurement unit that measures a hydrogen gas generation rate F1; and a control unit that controls the power control unit so as to gradually increase the Va within a range that satisfies a relationship of F1?F0 and VCA>VHER?acceptable potential difference (APD), when the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode is VHER, the potential of the reduction electrode is VCA, the acceptable upper limit of the hydrogen gas generation rate is F0, and the APD is a potential difference that defines an upper limit of a potential difference between VCA and VHER.

Abstract: A fuel cell module of an aspect of the present invention includes: a fuel cell; a dehydrogenation reaction part that performs a dehydrogenation reaction of a hydride of an aromatic compound; a hydrogen separator that separates the hydrogen produced in the dehydrogenation reaction part from a dehydrogenated product of the hydride; a hydrogen supplier that supplies the hydrogen separated in the hydrogen separator to the fuel cell; and a single housing that houses the fuel cell, the dehydrogenation reaction part, the hydrogen separator, and the hydrogen supplier. The dehydrogenation reaction part is heated by at least one of the heat generated in the fuel cell and that generated by combustion of offgas from the fuel cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device is provided with an electrode unit, a power control unit, an organic material storage tank, a water storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, and a control unit. The electrode unit has an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The electrolyte membrane is formed of an ionomer. A reduction catalyst used for the reduction electrode contains at least one of Pt and Pd. The oxygen evolving electrode contains catalysts of noble metal oxides such as RuO2, IrO2, and the like. The control unit controls the power control unit such that a relationship, VHER?20 mV?VCA?VTRR, can be satisfied when the potential at a reversible hydrogen electrode, the standard redox potential of an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or an N-containing heterocyclic aromatic compound, and the potential of the reduction electrode are expressed as VHER, VTRR, and VCA, respectively.

Abstract: An electrochemical reduction device includes: an electrolyte membrane; a reduction electrode having a catalyst metal and a porous conductive compound; and an oxygen generating electrode. The catalytic metal includes at least one of Pt and Pd. The conductive compound includes an oxide, nitride, carbide, oxynitride, carbonitride, or partial oxide of a carbonitride of: one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell has an electrolyte membrane, a reduction electrode, and an oxygen evolving electrode. The electrolyte membrane is formed of a material having protonic conductivity (ionomer). A reduction catalyst used for the reduction electrode is composed of a composition containing a first catalyst metal (noble metal) that contains at least one of Pt and Pd and containing one or more kinds of second catalyst metals selected from among Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ru, Sn, W, Re, Pb, and Bi. The oxygen evolving electrode contains catalysts of noble metal oxides such as RuO2, IrO2, and the like.