Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes, where three dimensional (3D) models of the physical structures can be produced to include lattices, hollows, holes, and combinations thereof, include: obtaining design criteria for an object; iteratively modifying 3D topology and shape(s) for the object using generative design process(es) that employ a macrostructure representation, e.g., using level-set method(s), in combination with physical simulation(s) that place void(s) in solid region(s) or solid(s) in void region(s) of the generative model of the object; and providing a 3D model of the generative design for the object for use in manufacturing a physical structure corresponding to the object using one or more computer-controlled manufacturing systems.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for designing three dimensional lattice structures include, in one aspect, a method including: obtaining a mechanical problem definition including a 3D model of an object; generating a numerical simulation model for the 3D model of the object using one or more loading cases and one or more isotropic solid materials identified as a baseline material model for a design space; predicting performance of different lattice settings in different orientations in the design space using a lattice structural behavior model in place of the baseline material model in the numerical simulation model; and presenting a set of lattice proposals for the design space based on the predicted performance of the different lattice settings in the different orientations; wherein the lattice structural behavior model has been precomputed for the different lattice settings, which are generable by the 3D modeling program.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes. A method includes obtaining one or more load cases and one or more design criteria for a modeled object; iteratively modifying a three dimensional shape of the modeled object in accordance with the one or more design criteria and the one or more load cases, the iteratively modifying comprising regulating shape change velocities for an implicit surface representation of the three dimensional shape that exceed a reference velocity, where the reference velocity is set based on a mean and a standard deviation of a shape derivative on the implicit surface; and providing the three dimensional shape of the modeled object for use in manufacturing a physical structure corresponding to the modeled object using one or more computer-controlled manufacturing systems.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes. A method includes obtaining one or more load cases and one or more design criteria for a modeled object, the one or more design criteria comprising a build material strength model indicating strength relationships between thickness of an object feature and build angle for that object feature resulting from additive manufacturing; iteratively modifying a three dimensional shape of the modeled object in accordance with the one or more design criteria and the one or more load cases, including applying the strength relationships between the thickness of the object feature and the build angle for that object feature on a per-element basis during numerical simulation of the modeled object; and providing the three dimensional shape of the modeled object for use in manufacturing a physical structure.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for designing three dimensional lattice structures include, in one aspect, a method including: obtaining a mechanical problem definition including a 3D model of an object; generating a numerical simulation model for the 3D model of the object using one or more loading cases and one or more isotropic solid materials identified as a baseline material model for a design space; predicting performance of different lattice settings in different orientations in the design space using a lattice structural behavior model in place of the baseline material model in the numerical simulation model; and presenting a set of lattice proposals for the design space based on the predicted performance of the different lattice settings in the different orientations; wherein the lattice structural behavior model has been precomputed for the different lattice settings, which are generable by the 3D modeling program.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for designing three dimensional lattice structures include, in one aspect, a method including: obtaining a mechanical problem definition including a 3D model of an object; generating a numerical simulation model for the 3D model of the object using one or more loading cases and one or more isotropic solid materials identified as a baseline material model for a design space; predicting performance of different lattice settings in different orientations in the design space using a lattice structural behavior model in place of the baseline material model in the numerical simulation model; and presenting a set of lattice proposals for the design space based on the predicted performance of the different lattice settings in the different orientations; wherein the lattice structural behavior model has been precomputed for the different lattice settings, which are generable by the 3D modeling program.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes. A method includes obtaining a design space for a modeled object, one or more design criteria for the modeled object, and one or more in-use load cases; iteratively modifying a generatively designed three dimensional shape of the modeled object in the design space in accordance with the one or more design criteria and the one or more in-use load cases for the physical structure, comprising: performing numerical simulation of the modeled object in accordance the one or more in-use load cases, computing shape change velocities for an implicit surface in a level-set representation of the three dimensional shape, changing the shape change velocities in accordance with a polynomial function, and updating the level-set representation using the shape change velocities to produce an updated version of the three dimensional shape.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes. A method includes performing numerical simulation of a modeled object in accordance with a current version of the three dimensional shape and the one or more in-use load cases; finding a maximized stress or strain element, for each in-use load cases; determining an expected number of loading cycles for each of the one or more in-use load cases for the physical structure using the maximized stress or strain element and data relating fatigue strength to loading cycles; redefining a fatigue safety factor inequality constraint for the modeled object; computing shape change velocities for an implicit surface in a level-set representation of the three dimensional shape in accordance with at least the fatigue safety factor inequality constraint; and updating the level-set representation using the shape change velocities.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes, A method includes obtaining, by a computer aided design program, a design space for a modeled object, one or more design criteria for the modeled object, one or more in-use load cases, and a critical fatigue crack length for a material from which A physical structure will be manufactured; iteratively modifying a generatively designed three dimensional shape of the modeled object in the design space in accordance with the critical fatigue crack length for the material, wherein the iteratively modifying comprises enforcing a design criterion that limits a minimum thickness of the generatively designed three dimensional shape, the minimum thickness being based on the critical fatigue crack length for the material.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes. A method includes obtaining a design space for a modeled object, one or more design criteria, one or more in-use load cases, and one or more specifications of material, wherein the design criteria comprise a required number of loading cycles for the modeled object; iteratively modifying a generatively designed three dimensional shape of the modeled object, comprising: performing numerical simulation of the modeled object, finding a maximized stress or strain element for each of the one or more in-use load cases, determining an expected number of loading cycles for each of the one or more in-use load cases, redefining a fatigue safety factor inequality constraint for the modeled object, computing shape change velocities in accordance with at least the fatigue safety factor inequality constraint, and updating the level-set representation.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a room-based design application automatically generates a design for a floor structure of a building. In operation, the room-based design application generates blocks representing portions of the floor structure that are delineated by walls based on a room plan included in a computer-aided design of the building. The room-based design application modifies the blocks based on a spanning length to generate partitions. Each partition represents a different portion of the floor structure that can be spanned by a structural element that has the spanning length in at least one direction. Based on the partitions, the room-based design application determines wall classifications for the walls. The room-based design application generates at least a portion of the design for the floor structure based on the wall classifications and the partitions.

Abstract: In various embodiments, an iterative sizing application designs a structural system of a building to resist a lateral load. The iterative sizing application sequentially executes optimization algorithms on first sizing data included in a first computer-aided design of the structural system based on constraint(s) and optimization criterion(s) to generate a second computer-aided design of the structural system. Subsequently, the iterative sizing application distributes the lateral load across frames specified in the second computer-aided design to generate frame-based lateral loads. The iterative sizing application then performs computer operation(s) on sizing datasets included in the second computer-aided design based on the frame-based lateral loads to generate new sizing datasets that, when applied to the frames, configure the frames to resist the lateral load.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a grid-based design application automatically generates a design for a structural system of a building. In operation, the grid-based design application generates a structural grid based on a region within a computer-aided design of the building. Subsequently, the grid-based design application applies the structural grid to the region to generate a gridded region. The grid-based design application computes a set of spanning directions based on the gridded region. The grid-based design application then generates at least a portion of the design for the structural system based on the set of spanning directions and the gridded region.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a gravity design application automatically generates a design for a structural system of a building. The gravity design application performs partitioning operation(s) based on an outline of a first floor included in a computer-aided design of the building to generate a set of segments. Subsequently, the gravity design application generates a set of segment designs based on the set of segments, constraint(s), and design objective(s). The set of segment designs includes at least one segment design for each of the segments included in the set of segments. The gravity design application determines a combination of floor designs from multiple sets of floor designs based the design objective(s), where each set of floor designs is associated with a different floor of the computer-aided design of the building. The gravity design application generates the design for the structural system of the building based on the combination of floor designs.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a frame system application generates a design of a frame system associated with a building. The frame system application determines potential frame locations based on a frame grid for a structural system and a computer-aided design of the structural system and then bifurcates the potential frame locations based on a building load centroid to generate frame groups. Based on the frame groups, the frame system application generates a genetic algorithm that determines values for location counts associated with the frame groups based on an objective function that quantifies design objective(s). The frame system application executes the genetic algorithm on a value for the objective function that is associated with first values for the location counts to determine second values for the location counts. Based on the frame groups and the second values for the location counts, the frame system application generates the design of the frame system.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a grid generation application generates one or more frame grids for a structural system of a building. The grid generation application determines a set of edges based on a computer-aided design of the structural system. The grid generation application then performs clustering operation(s) based on the set of edges to determine at least a first base direction and a second base direction. The grid generation application determines a subset of edges based on the set of edges and the first base direction. Subsequently, the grid generation application performs clustering operation(s) based on the subset of edges to determine a first set of grid lines associated with the first base direction. Based on the first set of grid lines and a second set of grid lines that is associated with the second base direction, the grid generation application generates a frame grid for the structural system.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes. A method includes obtaining a design space for a modeled object, one or more design criteria, one or more in-use load cases, and one or more specifications of material, wherein the design criteria comprise a required number of loading cycles for the modeled object; iteratively modifying a generatively designed three dimensional shape of the modeled object, comprising: performing numerical simulation of the modeled object, finding a maximized stress or strain element for each of the one or more in-use load cases, determining an expected number of loading cycles for each of the one or more in-use load cases, redefining a fatigue safety factor inequality constraint for the modeled object, computing shape change velocities in accordance with at least the fatigue safety factor inequality constraint, and updating the level-set representation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes. A method includes obtaining a design space for a modeled object, one or more design criteria for the modeled object, and one or more in-use load cases; iteratively modifying a generatively designed three dimensional shape of the modeled object in the design space in accordance with the one or more design criteria and the one or more in-use load cases for the physical structure, comprising: performing numerical simulation of the modeled object in accordance the one or more in-use load cases, computing shape change velocities for an implicit surface in a level-set representation of the three dimensional shape, changing the shape change velocities in accordance with a polynomial function, and updating the level-set representation using the shape change velocities to produce an updated version of the three dimensional shape.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for computer aided design of physical structures using generative design processes. A method includes obtaining a design space for a modeled object, one or more design criteria, one or more in-use load cases, and one or more specifications of material, wherein the design criteria comprise a required number of loading cycles for the modeled object; iteratively modifying a generatively designed three dimensional shape of the modeled object, comprising: performing numerical simulation of the modeled object, finding a maximized stress or strain element for each of the one or more in-use load cases, determining an expected number of loading cycles for each of the one or more in-use load cases, redefining a fatigue safety factor inequality constraint for the modeled object, computing shape change velocities in accordance with at least the fatigue safety factor inequality constraint, and updating the level-set representation.