Abstract: A method of producing glutamic acid by culturing a biologically pure wild type Bacillus methanolicus which exhibits sustained growth at 50.degree. C. using methanol as a carbon and energy source and requiring vitamin B.sub.12 and biotin is provided.

Abstract: A bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia, which is transformed by introducing, into its cells, a DNA coding for a dihydrodipicolinate synthase originating from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia having mutation to desensitize feedback inhibition by L-lysine and a DNA coding for an aspartokinase III originating from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia having mutation to desensitize feedback inhibition by L-lysine; preferably a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia in which a dihydrodipicolinate reductase gene and a diaminopimelate dehydrogenase gene originating from Brevibacterium lactofermentum (or a succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase gene and a succinyldiaminopimelate deacylase gene) are further enhanced, is cultivated in an appropriate medium, L-lysine is produced and accumulated in a culture thereof, and L-lysine is collected from the culture.

Abstract: A bacterium belonging to the genus Serratia, which is transformed by introducing into its cells, a DNA coding for a dihydrodipicolinate synthase originating from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia or Serratia having mutation to desensitize feedback inhibition by L-lysine and a DNA coding for an aspartokinase originating from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia or Serratia having mutation to desensitize feedback inhibition by L-lysine is cultivated in an appropriate medium, L-lysine is produced and accumulated in a culture thereof, and L-lysine is collected from the culture.

Abstract: A DNA containing a gene which codes for aspartokinase III originating in Escherichia bacteria and which has in the coding region a mutation which releases the feedback inhibition by lysine on the aspartokinase III, a recombinant DNA wherein the DNA is linked to a vector DNA capable of autonomous replication in Escherichia bacteria, a microorganism belonging to the genus Escherichia which has been transformed by the introduction of the above mentioned recombinant DNA into the cells thereof, and a method for the production of L-threonine which comprises culturing the microorganism in a fermentation medium, producing and accumulating L-threonine in the culture medium, and collecting the L-threonine from said-culture medium. Escherichia bacteria-derived AK III genes are obtained which sufficiently release the feedback inhibition due to lysine.

Abstract: A method for producing L-tryptophan comprising culturing coryneform glutamic acid-producing bacteria transformed with an expression vector capable of replicating and expressing an operably linked anthranilic acid phosphoribosyl transferase gene isolated from a brevibacterium glutamic acid-producing bacterium, growing the transformants in culture medium allowing for the production of L-tryptophan and recovering the L-tryptophan accumulated in the culture medium.

Abstract: A brevibacterium containing a recombinant DNA molecule constructed by operatively connecting a gene coding for shikimate kinase isolated from Brevibacterium lactofermentum to a plasmid vector capable of replicating in the Brevibacterium is disclosed along with methods of preparing this bacterium and of using it in the production of aromatic amino acids.

Abstract: A method for producing an L-amino acid, which comprises inserting a gene which codes for an enzyme which is utilized on the route of biosynthesis of an L-amino acid product into one of at least two plasmid vectors which have compatible replicating origins different from each other, inserting a second gene which codes for an enzyme different from the first enzyme on the route of biosynthesis of the L-amino acid into a second of the plasmid vectors; introducing the thus obtained recombinant plasmids into a strain of Coryneform bacteria; and culturing the thus transformed strain which is capable of producing the L-amino acid, said two enzymes being highly rate determining enzymes for the biosynthesis of L-amino acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an aromatic amino acid which comprises culturing a Coryneform bacterium carrying a recombinant DNA constructed by connecting (1) a gene capable of being expressed in a Coryneform bacterial cell and coding for 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulonic acid-7-phosphate synthetase with (2) a plasmid vector capable of propagating in a Coryneform bacterial cell.

Abstract: A recombinant DNA molecule comprising a plasmid vector having operationally inserted therein a gene coding for homoserine kinase is disclosed along with bacteria containing this recombinant DNA molecule and methods of using these bacteria to produce amino acids in large quantities.

Abstract: A process for producing L-tryptophan in which a suitable substrate such as a carbohydrate, indole or anthranilic acid is contacted with Coryneform bacteria, where the Coryneform bacteria bear recombinant DNA constructed by connecting a gene coding for tryptophan synthetase with a plasmid vector capable of proliferating in Coryneform bacteria.

Abstract: A genetic sequence coding for the production of a protein having the activity of diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase and having two Pst I cleavage sites in its DNA chain and a molecular weight of 2.9.+-.0.05 Md, is incorporated into a vehicle capable of replication in Coryneform bacteria and used to produce L-lysine by fermentation.

Abstract: A composite vector capable of the transduction of a Coryneform bacterium, which comprises a first DNA segment containing at least the genetic information for replication from a plasmid capable of propagating in a Coryneform bacterium and a second DNA segment containing at least a DNA region of a phage capable of propagating in the Coryneform bacterium, wherein the DNA region is incorporated into a particle of the aforementioned phage when the aforementioned bacterium is infected with the phage, is disclosed.

Abstract: A substantially pure plasmid which is characterized by a molecular weight of 3.0.+-.0.1 megadalton and the restriction endonuclease-cleavage map shown in the Figure. This plasmid is capable of propagating in Corynebacteria and due to its size is useful as a vector for the cloning of exogenous genes.

Abstract: A recombinant DNA molecule comprising a plasmid vector having operationally inserted therein a gene coding for phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase is disclosed along with bacteria containing this recombinant DNA molecule and methods of using these bacteria to produce amino acids in large quantities.

Abstract: A genetic sequence coding for the production of a protein having the activity of homoserine dehydrogenase and having two Pst I cleavage sites in its DNA chain and a molecular weight of 2.24 Md, is incorporated into a vehicle capable of replication in Coryneform bacteria and used to produce L-threonine and L-isoleucine by fermentation.

Abstract: A composite plasmid which comprises (A) a drive-unit region derived from a plasmid a capable of propagating in a Coryneform glutamic acid-producing bacterium, and (B) a gene fragment derived from a plasmid b capable of propagating in Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis and having at least a region expressing drug resistance.

Abstract: L-phenylalanine is produced by fermentation by culturing in a culture medium an L-phenylalanine producing microorganism constructed by incorporating a hybrid plasmid in a recipient strain of the genus Escherichia and recovering the L-phenylalanine which accumulates in the culture medium, said hybrid plasmid containing a deoxyribonucleic acid fragment possessing genetic information related to L-phenylalanine production and obtained from a phenylalanine analogue resistant mutant of the genus Escherichia.

Abstract: L-threonine is produced by incorporating into a recipient microorganism of the genus Escherichia which does not require L-threonine for growth, a plasmid, in which a deoxyribonucleic acid fragment which possesses genetic information relating to L-threonine synthesis obtained from a mutant resistant to .alpha.-amino-.beta.-hydroxy valeric acid of the genus Escherichia, has been inserted.

Abstract: 2-Amino-(2)-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid is prepared by dehydrochlorinating S-(.beta.-carboxy-.beta.-chloroethyl) isothiourea by adding it to an aqueous medium maintained at a pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.5 with an alkali.

Abstract: L-amino acids are produced by fermenting a hydantoin compound with Flavobacterium aminogenes or its enzymes.