Abstract: A current feeder to electrodes, in particular for horizontally arranged gas evolving metal anodes for electrochemical processes. The current feeder stud is provided at its lower end with a connection element of valve metal. The connection element has a receiving bore into which the lower end of the current feeder stud is inserted leaving an intermediate space with reference to the receiving bore. The stud and connection element are fixed by a cast metal intermediate core and a substantially tubular contact structure of valve metal is embedded into this core. The contact structure is connected via a plurality of weld points to the wall of the receiving bore. Moreover, the valve metal connection element is connected to the current distribution elements of the electrode by an easily separable weld construction.

Abstract: A metal anode comprises a current feed and at least one current distributor branching therefrom. The current distributor has a sleeve consisting of two identically formed profiled members which each have a respective crosspiece and two unequal limbs extending from its ends at right angles in opposite senses. The two profiled members are, for formation of the sleeve, assembled together so that the shorter limb of the one profile member lies in the region of the free end of the longer limb of the other profile member, whereby on the two narrow sides of the sleeve offset projecting flanges result. On these flanges are connected respective plate-like elements. These form the active part of the electrode. The plate-like elements consist expediently of corrugated expanded metal.

Abstract: Temperature-resistant materials as protective coat for the metal shaft of combination electrodes for the electric steel production, constituting a compound material comprising a carbon share, which contains graphitic structural elements, and a share with at least one ceramic component. The protective elements, which are made of these materials, are characterized by long service times, little susceptibility to unwanted adhesive matter, and good emergency running properties.

Abstract: An electrode for membrane electrolysis comprises an electrode body, whose surface is provided at least partially with an electro-catalytically active coating.The electrode body is constructed from a plurality of parallel, mutually spaced lamellas having a plurality of recesses on edge surfaces facing the membrane, edge surfaces of bridge portions, located between these recesses, not being coated for electro-catalytic activity.

Abstract: An electrode comprises a horizontally arranged current feed which is formed by a rail of copper or has such a rail as a current conductive component. From this rail at least one current distributor branches, which is constructed of a sleeve of valve metal and a core arranged therein, and of a metal which is a good electrical conductor which is in electrical connection with the sleeve and in which preferably a contact structure is embedded which consists of valve metal and is connected to the inner surface of the sleeve by a plurality of weld positions. To the sleeve of the current distributor an active part of the electrode is mechanically and electrically conductively connected.The essential feature of this electrode consists in that in the core of the current distributor a bar of material which is a good electrical conductor, preferably copper, engages which is connected in a mechanically and electrically conductive manner to the rail of the current feed.

Abstract: Such a coated valve metal electrode consists of at least one current feed and at least one current distributor. Current feed and current distributor are mechanically and electrically conductively connected via sheet-like connection elements. The active surface of this electrode consists of lamellas of valve metal having an active surface coating.The essential features of this electrode consist in that the coated overall surface of the lamellas F.sub.A and the surface F.sub.P assumed by the overall arrangement of the lamellas (length and breadth of the electrode surface) have a surface factor such that 20.gtoreq.F.sub.A /F.sub.P .gtoreq.4, preferably such that 14.gtoreq.F.sub.A /F.sub.P .gtoreq.6, and in that the greater proportion of the coated surface of the lamellas is directed perpendicularly to the surface of the strip to be coated.

Abstract: An electrode for electrolytic extraction of metals or metal oxides comprises a horizontally arranged current feed which has a copper rail as current feeding component. From this rail at least one current distributor branches, which consists of a sleeve of valve metal and a core arranged therein and consisting of metal which is a good electrical conductor which is in good electrical connection with the sleeve and in which preferably a contact structure is embedded. To the sleeve of the current distributor an active part of the electrode is mechanically and electrically connected.The rail of the current feed of copper is provided in the region of the connection position of a current distributor with a connection element of valve metal which is connected to the copper rail via a separate copper element by explosion welding.

Abstract: Temperature and corrosion resistant materials as guard elements for the metal part of combination electrodes for molten flow electrolysis, which consists of a composite material made from a carbon component containing graphitic structural elements, and a component having at least one ceramic. The guard elements thus formed have long service lives and allow trouble-free electrolysis for the extraction of metals.

Abstract: An electrode for fusion electrolysis comprising an upper portion (5) of metal and a replaceable lower portion (6) of self-consuming or of slowly self-consuming material which are interconnected by a screw-nipple (1) or the like, whereby the upper portion may have a cooling device with a feed duct (2) and a return duct (3) and the upper portion (5) has at least partially and preferably in its lower region a protective covering, whereby this covering is a detachably surmounted sheath (4) of mechanically resistant material, which is electrically conductive. The sheath can be sub-divided into individual segments, while the design of screw-mounted units with internal recesses for the acceptance of resilient, electrically conductive materials reveals especially favorable properties.

Abstract: Electrode for fused melt electrolysis with a top portion (5) of metal, where appropriate with a cooling device (2, 3) and the top portion (5) has an inner part (16) and an outer part (17) which are constructed so as to be detachable from each other and the inner part (16) extends substantially close to a connection or screwmounting (1) and the top portion (5) or the inner part (16) or at least a partial zone thereof is protected by an insulating coating (4) of high temperature stability, and at least one bottom portion (6) of active material. The electrode is suitable for the production of metals such as aluminium, magnesium, alkali metals or compounds thereof. It is characterized by reliable, energy saving operation and can be easily maintained and repaired.

Abstract: Electrode for fused melt electrolysis comprising a top portion (5) of metal or metal alloy where appropriate including a cooling device (2,3) and the top portion (5) is protected at least partially by an insulating coating (4) of high-temperature resistance, and at least one bottom portion (6) of active material. The electrodes can be used more particularly for the electrolytic production of metals such as aluminium, magnesium, alkaline metals or compounds thereof and are characterized by very advantageous energy consumption combined with high operational reliability.

Abstract: A coated valve metal anode for the electrolytic extraction of metals or metal oxides, comprising a current-carrying component, e.g. a current lead and/or a current distributor, which consists of a jacket of valve metal and a core arranged therein made of a metal which is a good conductor.In order to prevent as far as possible the internal ohmic voltage loss in the case of such an electrode, in the core metal of the current-carrying component a contact structure is embedded which is preferably made of valve metal and is connected by a plurality of welds with the inner surface of the jacket.

Abstract: The application is drawn to an electrode made of a number of elongated elements which are plates, rods or tubes. The elements are composed of inorganic conductive fibers embedded in a solid, electrochemically active material. The fibers are oriented in the direction of current flow.

Abstract: A coated metal anode for the electrolytic recovery of metals is disclosed, whereby the working surface of this anode is represented by rods 4 which are arranged in a plane in spaced, parallel relationship to each other and which are electrically connected to a current supply rail 3.To provide a coated metal anode of the identified type, which ensures an operation with acceptable current density and which permits with a simple constructive assembly an energy saving deposit of metal with high purity on the oppositly disposed cathode, the total surface F.sub.A of the rods 4 and the surface F.sub.p assumed by the total arrangement of the rods 4 fulfills the relationship 6.gtoreq.F.sub.A :F.sub.p .gtoreq.2.

Abstract: A gas-generating metal electrode for electrochemical processes, more particularly, a coated titanium anode for amalgam cells, comprising spaced-apart parallel rods arranged in a horizontal plane, the surfaces of said rods forming the working area of said electrode and the rods each having a cross section whose extent normal to said plane is greater than the extent parallel thereto, characterized in that the cross section of each of said rods consists of a rectangle (1a) whose height (h.sub.R) is normal to said plane, and at least one chordal segment (1b) on one side of the rectangle and whose chord corresponds to the width of said rectangle (1a) and which extends between and interconnects the opposite sides of said rectangle (1a).

Abstract: The invention comprises an anode with a core of valve metal for the anodic separation of solid substances. The working surface of the anode having an electrically conductive, corrosion-resistant, mechanically solid coating, which impedes the passivation of the core. The invention further comprises the use of such anodes for the electrolytic preparation of manganese oxides, particularly of manganese dioxides.

Abstract: A valve metal anode, for electrolytical processes, having an electron-active covering layer, is prepared by anchoring electron-activating substances, counteracting passivation of the anode, in a sintered porous carrier layer of valve metal. The carrier layer which is sintered onto the cleaned valve metal base may consist of a powder of the same metal or of the crystallographically similar metal. The infusion of the active substances into the carrier layer can be accomplished by impregnating and drying or baking the active substances, by precipitating them from the vapor phase, galvanically, or from the gaseous phase. The active substances may also be ingredients of the sinter mixture.

Abstract: A coated valve metal electrode for electrochemical processes, which has (a) an electrode base body of valve metal; (b) a base layer on said valve metal, said base layer comprising an electrically conducting element without valve effect, and (c) a cover layer comprising titanium dioxide and/or tantalum oxide with certain doping and stable oxides.

Abstract: Electrode for fused melt electrolysis with a top portion (5) of metal, where appropriate with a cooling device (2, 3) and the top portion (5) has an inner part (16) and an outer part (17) which are constructed so as to be detachable from each other and the inner part (16) extends substantially close to a connection or screw-mounting (1) and the top portion (5) or the inner part (16) or at least a partial zone thereof is protected by an insulating coating (4) of high temperature stability, and at least one bottom portion (6) of active material. The electrode is suitable for the production of metals such as aluminium, magnesium, alkali metals or compounds thereof. It is characterized by reliable, energy saving operation and can be easily maintained and repaired.

Abstract: A coated metal anode for the electrolytic recovery of metals is disclosed, whereby the working surface of this anode is represented by rods 4 which are arranged in a plane in spaced, parallel relationship to each other and which are electrically connected to a current supply rail 3.To provide a coated metal anode of the identified type, which ensures an operation with acceptable current density and which permits with a simple constructive assembly an energy saving deposit of metal with high purity on the oppositely disposed cathode, the total surface F.sub.A of the rods 4 and the surface F.sub.p assumed by the total arrangement of the rods 4 fulfills the relationship 6.gtoreq.F.sub.A :F.sub.p .gtoreq.2.