Abstract: The silicon bipolar transistor (100) comprises a base, with a first highly-doped base layer (105) and a second poorly-doped base layer (106) which together form the base. The emitter is completely highly-doped and mounted directly on the second base layer (106).

Abstract: A force sensor for determination of forces on a vehicle seat has a support element arranged between an upper frame and a lower frame, a force measuring cell arranged in the support element, the upper frame is a stationary part of a rail for a longitudinal or vertical adjustment, and the measuring cell is located inside the rail or on the rail.

Abstract: A method for producing bipolar transistors with the aid of selective epitaxy for producing a collector and base. The method includes widening the area of the base either by the isotropic etching of the conductive layer or by the oxidation of the conductive layer and by the subsequent removal of the oxide layer. This widening of the area of the base prevents the occurrence of short-circuits between the emitter and the collector during the subsequent production of the base.

Abstract: A force sensor for determination of forces on a vehicle seat has a support element arranged between an upper frame and a lower frame, a force measuring cell arranged in the support element, the upper frame is a stationary part of a rail for a longitudinal or vertical adjustment, and the measuring cell is located inside the rail or on the rail.

Abstract: A method for producing a non-volatile semiconductor memory cell with a separate tunnel window cell includes the step of forming a tunnel zone in a late implantation step by performing a tunnel implantation with the aid of a tunnel window cell as a mask. The resulting memory cell has a small area requirement and a high number of program/clear cycles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing bipolar transistors with the aid of selective epitaxy for producing a collector and base. The inventive method is advantageous in that the area of the base is widened by the isotropic etching of the conductive layer or by the oxidation of the conductive layer and by the subsequent removal of the oxide layer. This widening of the area of the base prevents the occurrence of short-circuits between the emitter and the collector during the subsequent production of the base.

Abstract: A method for producing a non-volatile semiconductor memory cell with a separate tunnel window cell includes the step of forming a tunnel zone in a late implantation step by performing a tunnel implantation with the aid of a tunnel window cell as a mask. The resulting memory cell has a small area requirement and a high number of program/clear cycles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are proposed for operating a microacoustic sensor arrangement, for example, to determine the physical characteristics of a measurement medium. Acoustic surface waves with predetermined wave modes are generated and detected by electroacoustic transducers (6) and a measurement for the physical characteristics of the measurement medium is determined from their propagation behavior along a propagation path. In addition, a sagittally polarized surface wave is generated in the area of the surface of the substrate (5; 22) on which the measurement medium is located.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process of producing .epsilon.-caprolactam from extract water of polycaprolactam obtained by hydrolytic polymerization, wherein(i) the extract water is concentrated by distillation of water,(ii) from the concentrated extract water from stage (i) an extract of .epsilon.-caprolactam and oligomers including dimers is obtained by separating an .epsilon.-caprolactam/water vapor mixture,(iii) the extract from stage (ii) is depolymerized in the presence of a catalyst and superheated steam, where a vapor mixture of .epsilon.-caprolactam and water is obtained, and(iv) from the .epsilon.-caprolactam/water vapor mixtures of process stages (ii) and (iii) .epsilon.-caprolactam with a dimer content of .ltoreq.0.2 wt-% is obtained by distillation of water.

Abstract: A microphone arrangement comprising at least two individual microphones arranged closely next to each other, whose individual microphones depending on the recording angle desired for the sound recording are a pressure- and/or a pressure gradient receiver and/or a directional line microphone, is characterized by the wind pressure being continuously measured during the sound recording by means of a microphone (Mw) with downstream switched electronic circuit (5, 11, 12) and depending on the respectively prevailing wind pressure always that microphone (M1, M2, Mn) remains switched to the amplifier 9 assigned to it by an instantaneously controlled switch (6, 7, 8), which in its conversion principle, frequency course and its directional effect is least sensitive to wind noises for the prevailing wind intensity.

Abstract: An elastic or shock-absorbing support member for a microphone. The support member includes a single hose member shaped in the form of an elastic loop. In comparison to its other dimensions, the elastic loop has a very thin wall and an inner diameter which is approximately twice the width of the loop. The loop connects a clamping piece supporting the microphone or the microphone housing to a connecting piece of a tripod.

Abstract: A diaphragm for electrostatic and electrodynamic microphones which has a distinct directional pattern comprises a taut diaphragm having a thickness of less than 8 microns and a diameter of 10 millimeters at most and which is made of an elastically extensible rubber base material which has a natural frequency of 1,200 Hz to 1,500 Hz at most. A diaphragm is particularly for microphones of the cardioid, supercardioid and hypercardioid and figure eight type.

Abstract: A mounting for an electroacoustic transducer particularly those having a cardioid directivity characteristic and which has one face with a sound opening and an opposite face comprises a cylindrical housing for the transducer with a first tapered elastic support permeable to sound being provided in the sound path from the sound opening the transducer to one end of the housing and which has a narrow end engaged with the housing and an opposite widened end engaging the transducer from one face side at the rim of the sound opening. A second tapered elastic support permeable to sound has one end engaging the transducer from the opposite face and has an opposite end engaged with the housing.

Abstract: The variable inductor and the comparison inductor of a semi-differential variable inductance both have a pair of coils magnetically coupled together. The output current of an amplitude-controlled oscillator flows through the series combination of one coil of each pair and the other coil of the comparison inductor is used to supply a signal which is rectified in order to regulate the amplitude of the oscillator. The remaining coil, the other coil of the variable inductor, is rectified to provide an output signal representative of the ratio of the variable inductance to the comparison inductance and also representative of the displacement of the short-circuiting ring of the variable inductance, which is mechanically linked to the control rod of a fuel injector of a diesel engine as required for a system controlling the fuel injector. The oscillator and the rectifiers can conveniently use operational amplifiers of the same type designation.

Abstract: The variable inductor and the comparison inductor of a semi-differential variable inductance both have a pair of coils magnetically coupled together. The output current of an amplitude-controlled oscillator flows through the series combination of one coil of each pair and the other coil of the comparison inductor is used to supply a signal which is rectified in order to regulate the amplitude of the oscillator. The remaining coil, the other coil of the variable inductor, is connected in reverse polarity and in series with the coil last previously mentioned to provide, through a rectifier, an ouptut signal representative of the difference between the variable and comparison inductances normalized to (divided by) the comparison inductance. The output variation corresponds to the displacement of the short-circuiting ring of the variable inductance, which is mechanically linked to the control rod of a fuel injector of a diesel engine as required for a system controlling the fuel injector.