Abstract: The straight turning automatic lathe whose bed carries a longitudinally movable spindle headstock with a bar workpiece and at least one secured upright carrying a cross slide with cutting tools. The upright is held motionless on the bed at a certain distance from the forward end face of the spindle head stock in its extreme advanced position and the cross slide is mounted on the upright side facing the forward end of the spindle headstock.

Abstract: According to the invention, the instrument for measuring the sizes and quantity of particles in a fluid medium comprises a light-sensitive device which converts light scattered by particles in a flow of a fluid medium which crosses a beam emitted by a light source, as well as some part of the light of that beam, arriving from an element whose purpose is to simulate a calibrated particle, to electric pulses. The light-sensitive device is connected via a divider, whose purpose is to distribute pulses according to the sizes of particles, to signal inputs of respective threshold devices whose outputs are connected to inputs of counters with indicators. The element which simulates a calibrated particle is adapted to periodically change, in the course of measurement, the brightness of light received by the light-sensitive device.