Abstract: A stepping motor includes a rotor magnet magnetized at N-poles and S-poles arranged alternately in a circumferential direction of a rotor and a stator yoke including salient poles disposed with intervals in the circumferential direction. Stator coils are respectively wound around the salient poles. A number of the poles of the rotor is a multiple of 6. A number of the salient poles of the stator yoke is a multiple of 8. The stator coils are composed of first-phase stator coils and second-phase stator coils. The salient poles are divided into a first group and a second group each of which includes half of the salient poles. The salient poles of the respective groups are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. A winding direction of each of the stator coils is alternately changed for each of the salient poles in the circumferential direction for the respective groups.

Abstract: A method of refining animal and vegetable oils and fats comprising mixing said oils and fats with an alkaline solution, admixing the resulting mixture with an acid solution, separating insoluble matter from the admixture, and, if required, treating the admixture with conventional adsorption and steam distillation techniques.