Abstract: A dialysis apparatus has a replenisher passage selectively connectable to an arterial side passage (pre-replenishment) or a venous side passage (post-replenishment) in a blood circuit. A supply side pressure sensor measures a pressure of a dialysate supply passage and a collection side pressure sensor measures a pressure of a dialysate collection passage. The connection passages each have one end communicating with the arterial side passage or the venous side passage of the blood circuit and another end connected to the dialysate collection passage. It is determined whether the replenisher passage is connected to the arterial side passage or the venous side passage, based on a differential pressure of pressures measured by the supply side pressure sensor and the collection side pressure sensor, in a state where a dialysate pump (liquid delivery device) causes dialysate to flow into the blood circuit from the replenisher passage.

Abstract: A novel method for evaluating an effect of an antimicrobial agent which comprises removing the antimicrobial agent remaining in a biological sample or the like to thereby accurately evaluate the effect of the antimicrobial agent without being affected by the remaining antimicrobial agent. A therapeutic agent for onychomycosis which can be obtained according to the evaluation method of the drug effect.

Abstract: A novel method for evaluating an effect of an antimicrobial agent which comprises removing the antimicrobial agent remaining in a biological sample or the like to thereby accurately evaluate the effect of the antimicrobial agent without being affected by the remaining antimicrobial agent. A therapeutic agent for onychomycosis which can be obtained according to the evaluation method of the drug effect.

Abstract: A novel method for evaluating an effect of an antimicrobial agent which comprises removing the antimicrobial agent remaining in a biological sample or the like to thereby accurately evaluate the effect of the antimicrobial agent without being affected by the remaining antimicrobial agent. A therapeutic agent for onychomycosis which can be obtained according to the evaluation method of the drug effect.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to develop galactose or mannose derivatives of docetaxel, etc. having improved solubility and physiological activity, to alleviate burden imposed on patients and to provide effective therapeutic drug for tumors. The present invention provides taxoid derivatives comprising any of paclitaxel, docetaxel and 10-deacetyl-baccatin III to which galactose or mannose is linked through a spacer, and methods for producing taxoid derivatives comprising reacting paclitaxel, docetaxel or 10-deacetyl-baccatin III with tetrabenzyl acetyloxygalactoside or tetrabenzyl acetyloxymannoside, subjecting the product to debenzylation reaction, and optionally to detriethylsilylation reaction.