Abstract: A rubber or resin composition comprises:0.1 to 10.0 parts by weight of iron oxide particles composed of iron oxide core which contains 0.21 to 2.14 wt % of silicon, calculated as SiO.sub.2, and 0.01 to 10.0 wt %, calculated as SiO.sub.2, of a precipitate composed of silicon, which adheres to the surfaces of said iron oxide core, a sphere ratio, maximum diameter/ minimum diameter, of said iron oxide particles being of 0.7 to 1.0, an average particle diameter of said iron oxide particles being 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m, a geometric standard deviation .sigma.g of said iron oxide particles which shows the particle size distribution being not more than 1.40, a bulk density of said iron oxide particles being 0.80 to 1.5 g/cm.sup.3, and a surface activity of said iron oxide particles which is indicated by the number of cyclohexanone molecules adsorbed to the surfaces of the iron oxide particles, number of molecules/nm.sup.2, being not more than 1.70; and90 to 99.9 parts by weight of rubber or thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: Magnetic particles for a magnetic toner comprise:Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.30 .mu.m,containing not less than 0.9 atm % and less than 1.7 atm % of silicon, calculated as Si, based on Fe,having a substantially cubic shape each ridge of which has a curved surface, andhaving a ratio .phi. represented by the following formula of more than 1.0 and less than 1.4:.phi.=l/wwherein l represents an average maximum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles and w represents an average minimum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles.

Abstract: Magnetite particles of the present invention have an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.50 .mu.m, each of the magnetite particles having a plurality of mountain-shaped protrusions with unsharpened crests on a surface of each magnetite particle, and the number of the mountain-shaped protrusions formed on the surface of each magnetite particle being in the range of 2 to 30 when viewed in projected plan; magnetic iron oxide particles for magnetic toner comprising not less than 60%, in number, of the said magnetite particles; and a magnetic toner comprising the said magnetic iron oxide particles and a binder resin. The magnetite particles of the present invention are free from the falling-off from toner particles. The toner particles of the present invention shows a good fluidity and produces visual images having a higher definition upon development of electrostatic latent images.

Abstract: A magnetic toner containing 100 parts by weight of magnetic Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles having an average particle size of 0.05 to 0.30 .mu.m, containing not less than 0.9 atm % and less than 1.7 atm % of silicon, calculated as Si, based on Fe, having a substantially cubic shape each ridge of which has a curved surface, and having a ratio .phi. represented by the following formula of more than 1.0 and less than 1.4:.phi.=l/wwherein l represents an average maximum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles and w represents an average minimum length of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing particles, and 10 to 900 parts by weight of a toner resin.

Abstract: A rubber or resin composition comprises:0.1 to 10.0 parts by weight of iron oxide particles composed of iron oxide core which contains 0.21 to 2.14 wt % of silicon, calculated as SiO.sub.2, and 0.01 to 10.0 wt %, calculated as SiO.sub.2, of a precipitate composed of silicon, which adheres to the surfaces of said iron oxide core,a sphere ratio, maximum diameter/minimum diameter, of said iron oxide particles being of 0.7 to 1.0, an average particle diameter of said iron oxide particles being 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m, a geometric standard deviation .sigma.g of said iron oxide particles which shows the particle size distribution being not more than 1.40, a bulk density of said iron oxide particles being 0.80 to 1.5 g/cm.sup.3, and a surface activity of said iron oxide particles which is indicated by the number of cyclohexanone molecules adsorbed to the surfaces of the iron oxide particles, number of molecules/nm.sup.2, being not more than 1.70; and90 to 99.9 parts by weight of rubber or thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is iron oxide particles comprising:100 parts by weight of material iron oxide particles having a specific surface area represented by the following formula (1):6/(.rho..multidot.d.sub.3).times..phi..sub.S (1)wherein .rho. represents a specific gravity of said iron oxide particles, d.sub.3 represents an area-average particle diameter (0.1 .mu.m.ltoreq.d.sub.3 .ltoreq.1.0 .mu.m) and .phi..sub.S represents an area shape factor) (1.0.ltoreq..phi..sub.S .ltoreq.2.0); and0.25 to 10 parts by weight (calculated as an oxide) of the fine particles of the oxygen compound, the fine particles of the hydrate or mixed fine particles thereof of one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Zr and Ti, which are adhered to the surfaces of said iron oxide particles;the increment of said specific surface area of said iron oxide particles being 1 to 6 m.sup.2 /g, and the increment of said specific surface area with respect to the amount of said fine particles being not less than 0.35.

Abstract: Spherical magnetic iron oxide particles for a magnetic toner comprise:Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.30 .mu.m,containing 1.7 to 4.5 atm % of silicon, calculated as Si, based on Fe and not more than 0.35 wt % of sulfur based on the total weight of said Fe.sup.2+ -containing iron oxide particles, andhaving a sphericity .phi. (.phi.=l/w) of 0.8 to 1.0, and a coercive force (Hc) and the average particle diameter (d .mu.m) which satisfy the following relationship:147-322.7.times.d.ltoreq.Hc.sub.(10 kOe) .ltoreq.207-322.7.times.d.

Abstract: The disclosure describes coated granular magnetite particles comprising:granular magnetite particle as a core, andM.sub.x Fe.sub.2+y O.sub.z as a surface layer, wherein M is Zn or Co, 0.4.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1, x+y=1, and 4.0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.4.3,the amount of M in said M.sub.x Fe.sub.2+y O.sub.z being 0.5 to 6 mol % based on the total Fe content in said granular magnetite particle as a core; anda process for producing the coated granular magnetite particles.

Abstract: Magnetic toner particles composed of magnetite core particles containing 0.10 to 1.00 wt % silicon and a hydrous coprecipiate of silica and alumina deposited or adhered on the surfaces of the magnetite core particles. The magnetic toner particles have an area-average diameter of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m.

Abstract: Granular magnetite particles useful as coloring pigments assuming a black color and containing elemental aluminum, 3 to 6 wt %, in the magnetite crystal lattice. The magnetite has a spinel structure with a lattice constant of 8.340 to 8.375 .ANG..

Abstract: Disclosed herein is iron oxide particles comprising:100 parts by weight of material iron oxide particles having a specific surface area represented by the following formula (1):6/(.rho..multidot.d.sub.3).times..phi..sub.s ( 1)wherein .rho. represents a specific gravity of said iron oxide particles, d.sub.3 represents an area-average particle diameter (0.1 .mu.m.ltoreq.d.sub.3 .ltoreq.1.0 .mu.m) and .phi..sub.s represents an area shape factor) (1.0.ltoreq..phi..sub.s .ltoreq.2.0); and0.25 to 10 parts by weight (calculated as an oxide) of the fine particles of the oxygen compound, the fine particles of the hydrate or mixed fine particles thereof of one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Zr and Ti, which are adhered to the surfaces of said iron oxide particles;the increment of said specific surface area of said iron oxide particles being 1 to 6 m.sup.2 /g, and the increment of said specific surface area with respect to the amount of said fine particles being not less than 0.35.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is iron oxide particles comprising:100 parts by weight of material iron oxide particles having a specific surface area represented by the following formula (1):6/(.rho..multidot.d.sub.3).times..phi..sub.s (1)wherein .rho. represents a specific gravity of said iron oxide particles, d.sub.3 represents an area-average particle diameter (0.1 .mu.m.ltoreq.d.sub.3 .ltoreq.1.0 .mu.m) and .phi..sub.s represents an area shape factor) (1.0.ltoreq..phi..sub.s .ltoreq.2.0); and0.25 to 10 parts by weight (calculated as an oxide) of the fine particles of the oxygen compound, the fine particles of the hydrate or mixed fine particles thereof of one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Si, Zr and Ti, which are adhered to the surfaces of said iron oxide particles;the increment of said specific surface area of said iron oxide particles being 1 to 6 m.sup.2 /g, and the increment of said specific surface area with respect to the amount of said fine particles being not less than 0.35.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are magnetic composite iron oxide particles comprising spinel-type Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 particles as core particles and spinel-type CoFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 outerlayer of the composite iron oxide particles, a process for producing the same, and a magnetic recording medium comprising a substrate and a magnetic recording layer containing the said magnetic iron oxide particles.

Abstract: A specific magnetic particle powder is described, which is included in magnetic toners used for magnetic image character recognition (MICR). The magnetic particle powder is a magnetite particle and distinguished by the facts that its residual magnetization is of 12 to 20 emu/g, its Fe.sup.2+ content is of 18.5 to 22.5% by weight, its surface is deposited with Si or Al oxide or mixture thereof and its specific surface area is of 3.5 to 9.5 m.sup.2 /g. The magnetic particle powder used as one component of the magnetic toner enables the formation of fine accurate images and the exact detection of the image.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is superparamagnetic fine particles of iron oxide having an unsaturated fatty acid adsorbed on the surface of superparamagnetic fine particles and having a magnetization of not less than 50 emu/g, the rate of change of the magnetization of not more than 10%, and an Fe.sup.2+ content (calculated as Fe.sup.2+ /Fe.sup.3+ molar ratio) of 0.16-0.5.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is superparamagnetic fine particles of iron oxide having an unsaturated fatty acid adsorbed on the surface of superparamagnetic fine particles, and having a magnetization of not less than 50 emu/g, the rate of change of the magnetization of not more than 10%, and an Fe.sup.2+ content (calculated as Fe.sup.2+ /Fe.sup.3+ molar ratio) of 0.16-0.5.

Abstract: A photorecording element is disclosed which consists of a transparent substrate, a molecular layer of an organic compound with an ability to change structure reversibly by virtue of light and disposed in direct contact with the transparent substrate, and a layer of liquid crystals disposed in direct contact with the molecular layer. A liquid crystal cell comprising the photorecording element is also disclosed. A modification having fine deformations on the surface of the transparent substrate and a modification having a dichroic dye contained in the layer of liquid crystals are embraced by the present invention.