Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle, the toner particle comprising a binder resin, wherein the toner particle comprises a monoester wax, and a fatty acid metal salt A is present on a surface of the toner particle, when X(A) is defined as a coverage ratio of the surface of the toner particle by the fatty acid metal salt A, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and S(A) is defined as the coverage ratio of the surface of the toner particle by the fatty acid metal salt A, as determined by analysis of a scanning electron microscope image, the formulae below are satisfied: S(A)?0.03??(1) X(A)?0.250??(2) 0.248?S(A)/X(A)?1.000??(3).

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a resin A and a resin B; wherein: the resin A is a vinyl resin having a sulfonic acid-type group, the resin B is a polyester resin; and when in analysis of the toner particle using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, DA (nm) is defined as a depth at which an abundance of the resin A in a depth of 10 nm from a toner particle surface is a maximum, CAS (%) is defined as an abundance of the resin A at the depth DA, CBS (%) is defined as an abundance of the resin B at the depth DA, CA75 (%) is defined as an abundance of the resin A at a depth of 75 nm and CB75 (%) is defined as an abundance of the resin B at a depth of 75 nm, CAS, CA75, CBS and CB75 satisfy specific relationships.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle, the toner particle comprising a binder resin and a boric acid, wherein, where the toner particle is subjected to ATR-IR analysis by using germanium as an ATR crystal in an ATR method, a peak corresponding to the boric acid is detected, the toner comprises a fatty acid metal salt on a surface of the toner particle, and a presence ratio of an boron element on the surface of the toner particle is 0.01 atomic % or less as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, and a strontium titanate particle and a hydrotalcite particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the hydrotalcite particle comprises fluorine, the fluorine is present inside the hydrotalcite particle in line analysis of STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, and when an area ratio of the strontium titanate particle to the toner particle in an EDS measurement field, which is measured through the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is defined as T1 (%) and an area ratio of the hydrotalcite particle to the toner particle in the EDS measurement field, which is measured through the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is defined as H1 (%), T1/H1 is 0.15 to 9.00.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, a fatty acid metal salt particle on a surface of the toner particle, and a hydrotalcite particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the hydrotalcite particle comprises fluorine, the fluorine is present inside the hydrotalcite particle in line analysis of STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, and when an area ratio of the fatty acid metal salt particle to the toner particle in an EDS measurement field, which is measured through the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is defined as Si (%) and an area ratio of the hydrotalcite particle to the toner particle in the EDS measurement field, which is measured through the STEM-EDS mapping analysis of the toner, is defined as H1 (%), S1/H1 is 0.25 to 9.00.

Abstract: A magnetic toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a magnetic body, wherein the binder resin comprises a styrene-acrylic resin, the styrene-acrylic resin comprises a monomer unit represented by Formula (1): where, in Formula (1), R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R2 represents a linear alkyl group having CB carbon atoms, CB being an integer from 10 to 15; the magnetic body comprises an alkyl group having CM carbon atoms, on a surface of the magnetic body, CM being an integer from 4 to 20; CB and CM satisfy Formula (3): |CM?CB|?10??(3), and in a cross-sectional observation of the magnetic toner using a transmission electron microscope, a coefficient of variation of an occupied area ratio of the magnetic body in a specific square grid, is 80.0% or lower.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and an ester compound, wherein: the binder resin comprises a resin A comprising a specific amount of a long-chain acrylate unit and a styrene-based monomer unit, and a resin B comprising a specific monomer unit in a specific amount; the ester compound has an alkyl chain with a specific chain length, a content of the resin A in the chloroform-soluble portion of the toner particles is 60% by mass or more; and using SPm (J/cm3)1/2 for a SP value of the long-chain acrylate unit and using SPw (J/cm3)1/2 for a SP value of the ester compound, SPm is 18.00 to 19.00, and SPm and SPw satisfy formula (a). |SPm?SPw|?1.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a developing unit for forming a toner image on a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the charging unit has a conductive member disposed to be contactable with the electrophotographic photosensitive member; a conductive layer at the surface of the conductive member has a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix; at least a portion of the domains is exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member; the outer surface of the conductive member is constituted of at least the matrix and the domains; a volume resistivity R1 of the matrix is greater than 1.00×1012 ?·cm; a volume resistivity R2 of the domains is smaller than R1; the developing unit contains the toner; and a dielectric loss tangent of the toner is at least 0.0027.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a developing unit for forming a toner image, wherein the charging unit has a conductive member disposed to be contactable with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a conductive layer at the surface of the conductive member has a matrix-domain structure, at least a portion of the domains is exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member, the outer surface of the conductive member is constituted at least of the matrix and these domains, a volume resistivity R1 of the matrix is greater than 1.00×1012 ?·cm, a volume resistivity R2 of the domains is less than R1, Martens hardness G1 of the matrix and Martens hardness G2 of the domains satisfy a prescribed relationship, and an onset temperature T(A) for a storage elastic modulus E? of the toner is not more than 80.0° C.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a toner that achieves both high image gloss and high image loadability. The toner includes a toner particle that includes: a styrene-acrylic resin having a unit represented by the formula (1); and an ester compound A, wherein the ester compound A is an ester compound represented by the formula (2) or the formula (3): and an absolute value of a difference between SPb (J/cm3)1/2 that is an SP value of the styrene-acrylic resin and SPw1 (J/cm3)1/2 that is an SP value of the ester compound A is 1.00 or larger and 2.00 or smaller.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin and an ester compound, wherein the binder resin contains a styrene-acrylic-based resin, the styrene-acrylic-based resin contains a specific unit, the ester compound has a specific structure, and a molar ratio of the specific unit to the ester compound is 0.5 to 1.5.

Abstract: A toner containing a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a crystalline material, wherein, in measurement of powder dynamic viscoelasticity of the toner, when T(A)° C. is taken as an onset temperature for a storage elastic modulus E? obtained at a ramp rate of 20° C./min, EA?(100) Pa is taken as a storage elastic modulus at 100° C. obtained at a ramp rate of 20° C./min, and T(B)° C. is taken as an onset temperature for a storage elastic modulus E? obtained at a ramp rate of 5° C./min, T(A)?T(B) is 3.0° C. or less, T(A) is from 45.0° C. to 70.0° C., and EA?(100) is from 4.0×109 Pa to 6.5×109 Pa.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, a hydrocarbon wax A, and an ester wax B, wherein assuming that a ratio of a peak intensity attributed to the hydrocarbon wax A to a peak intensity attributed to the binder resin in heating IR measurement in which the toner is held at 100° C. for 10 min is I, where an initial peak intensity ratio upon heating to 100° C. is denoted by I(ini) and a peak intensity ratio upon heating to 100° C. and holding for 10 min is denoted by I(10 min), the I(ini) and the I(10 min) satisfy a following formula (1): I(ini)/I(10 min)?0.95??(1).

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin, and an ester wax A having a specific structure, wherein in a diffraction spectrum obtained by an X-ray diffractometer after the toner has been allowed to stand at 120° C. for 5 minutes and then at 60° C. for 5 minutes, assuming that a spectrum having a maximum peak in a range where 2? is from 5.45° to 5.95° is P1 and an integrated intensity of the P1 is S1, and a spectrum having a maximum peak in a range where 2? is from 21.45° to 21.95° is P2 and an integrated intensity of the P2 is S2, relationships of formulas (2) and (3) below are satisfied. S1/S2?0.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle including a binder resin and a magnetic body, wherein in cross-sectional observation of the toner with a transmission electron microscope, where an area percentage occupied by the magnetic body in a region of 200 nm or less from a contour of a cross section of the toner particle to a centroid of the cross section is taken as A1, and an area percentage occupied by the magnetic body in a region of from 200 nm to 400 nm from the contour of the cross section of the toner particle to the centroid of the cross section is taken as A2, the area percentage A1 is from 38% to 85%, the area percentage A2 is from 0% to 37%, and a ratio A2/A1 of the area percentage A2 to the area percentage A1 is from 0 to 0.75.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle including a binder resin and a crystalline material, wherein in powder dynamic viscoelasticity measurement of the toner, where an onset temperature of a storage elastic modulus E? obtained when a temperature is raised at 20° C./min is denoted by T(A)° C., and an onset temperature of a storage elastic modulus E? obtained when a temperature is raised at 5° C./min is denoted by T(B)° C., T(A)?T(B) is 3.0° C. or less, in DSC of the toner, a peak temperature of a maximum endothermic peak is from 50.0° C. to 90.0° C., and an amount of a tetrahydrofuran-insoluble component in the binder resin is from 15% by mass to 60% by mass.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle including a binder resin, wherein the toner is such that (1) when a powder dynamic viscoelasticity measurement method is used, a measurement start temperature is set to 25° C., and a ramp rate is set to 20° C./min, on a curve of a storage elastic modulus E? (Pa) where a temperature (° C.) is plotted against an abscissa and the storage elastic modulus E? is plotted against an ordinate, a temperature at a time when the E? at a start of a measurement has decreased by 50% is from 60° C. to 90° C., and (2) a load at a yield point of a displacement-load curve which is determined by a nanoindentation method and where a load (mN) is plotted against an ordinate and a displacement amount (?m) is plotted against an abscissa, is 0.80 mN or more; and a method for producing thereof.

Abstract: A toner including: a toner particle that includes a binder resin; and an external additive, wherein a toner hardness A N/m and a toner hardness B N/m satisfy B?600 and B/A?1.30, in the formulas, the toner hardness A is an average value of a slope in a displacement region of from 0.00 ?m to 0.20 ?m when measuring the toner under a condition of a load application speed of 0.83 ?N/sec, and the toner hardness B is an average value of a slope in a displacement region of from 0.00 ?m to 0.20 ?m when measuring the toner under a condition of a load application speed of 2.50 ?N/sec.

Abstract: A toner including: a toner particle that includes a binder resin and a crystalline material, wherein the binder resin includes a vinyl resin having an ether structure, and where intensities of secondary ion mass/secondary ion charge number (m/z) of 59, 44, and 135 are denoted by A (ppm), B (ppm), and C (ppm), respectively, in a measurement of the toner by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, the intensities at 100 nm from the surface of the toner satisfy the relationships of the following formulas (1) and (2): C/(A+B)?1.00??(1) (A+B)?2000??(2).

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, and a developing unit for forming a toner image, wherein the charging unit has a conductive member disposed to be contactable with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a conductive layer at the surface of the conductive member has a matrix-domain structure, at least a portion of the domains is exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member, the outer surface of the conductive member is constituted at least of the matrix and these domains, a volume resistivity R1 of the matrix is greater than 1.00×1012 ?·cm, a volume resistivity R2 of the domains is less than R1, Martens hardness G1 of the matrix and Martens hardness G2 of the domains satisfy a prescribed relationship, and an onset temperature T(A) for a storage elastic modulus E? of the toner is not more than 80.0° C.