Abstract: An organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode opposing the anode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, an electron transport layer disposed in contact with a cathode-side surface of the light-emitting layer, and an electron injection layer disposed between the electron transport layer and the cathode, in contact with the electron transport layer. Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the electron transport layer is lower than at least one of LUMO level of the electron injection layer and Fermi level of a metal material included in the electron injection layer, and film thickness of the electron injection layer is greater than film thickness of the electron transport layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element according to one embodiment of the disclosure includes a first reflective layer, a second reflective layer, an organic light-emitting layer, a silver electrode layer, and an ytterbium electron injection layer. The organic light-emitting layer is provided between the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer, and emits monochromatic light. The silver electrode layer is provided between the organic light-emitting layer and the second reflective layer. The ytterbium electron injection layer is in contact with the silver electrode layer on side of the organic light-emitting layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element according to one embodiment of the disclosure includes, in order, an anode, an organic light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an intermediate layer, and a cathode. The electron transport layer includes a sodium fluoride layer. The intermediate layer includes an ytterbium layer. The ytterbium layer is in contact with the sodium fluoride layer on side of the cathode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes, in order, a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, a buffer layer, a metal thin film, an organic electron transport layer, and a second electrode. The buffer layer includes an electrically-conductive organic material. The metal thin film includes a metal or a metal alloy. The organic electron transport layer is doped with a metal. The metal in the metal thin film is the same as the metal doped in the organic electron transport layer. The metal alloy in the metal thin film includes a metal that is the same as the metal doped in the organic electron transport layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes, in order, a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, a metal thin film including a metal or a metal alloy, an organic electron transport layer doped with a metal, and a second electrode. The metal in the metal thin film is identical to the metal doped in the organic electron transport layer. The metal alloy in the metal thin film includes a metal identical to the metal doped in the organic electron transport layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes an organic electroluminescent part and a pair of partition walls. The organic electroluminescent part includes an organic material layer, a resonator, and a film-thickness adjustment layer. The film-thickness adjustment layer has a thickness that is adjusted to allow a difference between a height of a pinning position and a height of a middle position of an upper surface of the organic material layer to fall within a predetermined range. The pinning position is a position at which the upper surface of the organic material layer and each of the partition walls are in contact with each other.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent panel includes a plurality of partition walls, an organic light-emitting layer, and a protective layer. The plurality of partition walls define a pixel region, and include an organic material. The organic light-emitting layer crosses over the plurality of partition walls. The protective layer is disposed between each of the partition walls and the organic light-emitting layer, and has a moisture permeability lower than a moisture permeability of any of the partition walls.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode opposing the anode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, an electron transport layer disposed in contact with a cathode-side surface of the light-emitting layer, and an electron injection layer disposed between the electron transport layer and the cathode, in contact with the electron transport layer. Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the electron transport layer is lower than at least one of LUMO level of the electron injection layer and Fermi level of a metal material included in the electron injection layer, and film thickness of the electron injection layer is greater than film thickness of the electron transport layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes: a first electrode that is a metal layer; a transparent conductive layer containing indium zinc oxide; and a light-emitting layer, wherein the first electrode, the transparent conductive layer, and the light-emitting layer are stacked, and a ratio of zinc to indium in a vicinity of an interface of the transparent conductive layer is lower than or equal to 0.25, the interface being closer to the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: ?E1 denoting difference between LUMO energy level of hole transport and LUMO energy level of light-emitting layer, ?e1 denoting electron mobility of the hole transport layer, and ?e2 denoting electron mobility of the light-emitting layer satisfy ? ? ? e ? ? 1 ? ? ? e ? ? 2 × exp ? ( - ? ? ? E ? ? 1 × 38.681731 ) ? 2.090 × 10 - 2 when ? ? ? ? ? ? e ? ? 1 < ? ? ? e ? ? 2 , ? and ? ? satisfy exp ? ( - ? ? ? E ? ? 1 × 38.681731 ) ? 2.090 × 10 - 2 when ? ? ? ? ? ? e ? ? 1 ? ? ? ? e ? ? 2 , ?E2 denoting difference between LUMO energy level of light-emitting layer and LUMO energy level of electron transport layer, ?e2 denoting electron mobility of light-emitting layer, and ?e3 denoting electron mobility of electron transport layer satisfy ? ? ? e ? ? 2 ? ? ? e ? ? 3 × exp ? ( - ? ? ? E ? ? 2 × 38.681731 ) ? 4.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence (EL) element including an anode, a light-emitting layer above the anode, a first functional layer on and in contact with the light-emitting layer, a second functional layer on and in contact with the first functional layer, and a cathode above the second functional layer. A lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the first functional layer is lower than at least one of a LUMO level of the second functional layer and a Fermi level of a metal material included in the second functional layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence (EL) element including an anode, a cathode opposing the anode, a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, a hole transport layer in contact with the light-emitting layer, between the light-emitting layer and the anode, and an electron transport layer in contact with the light-emitting layer, between the light-emitting layer and the cathode. A difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of an organic material included in the light-emitting layer and a LUMO level of an organic material included in the electron transport layer is greater than a difference between a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of an organic material included in the hole transport layer and a HOMO level of the organic material included in the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes: a first electrode that is a metal layer; a transparent conductive layer containing indium zinc oxide; and a light-emitting layer, wherein the first electrode, the transparent conductive layer, and the light-emitting layer are stacked, and a ratio of zinc to indium in a vicinity of an interface of the transparent conductive layer is lower than or equal to 0.25, the interface being closer to the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting element is provided. A first layer is formed above a substrate, and exhibits hole injection properties. A bank material layer is formed above the first layer using a bank material. Banks are formed by patterning the bank material layer, and forming a resin film on a surface of the first layer by attaching a portion of the bank material layer to the first layer. The banks define apertures corresponding to light-emitters. The resin material is the same as the bank material. A functional layer is formed by applying ink to the apertures that contacts the resin film. The ink contains an organic material. The functional layer includes an organic light-emitting layer. A second layer is formed above the functional layer and exhibits electron injection properties. The hole injection properties of the first layer are degraded by applying electrical power to an element structure.

Abstract: An organic EL element including: pixel electrode on a section of TFT substrate corresponding to pixel region; auxiliary connector on a section of TFT substrate corresponding to auxiliary region; hole injection layer on pixel electrode and auxiliary connector; and light-emitting layer on a section of hole injection layer corresponding to pixel region. The organic EL element additionally includes: electron injection layer on light-emitting layer and a section of hole injection layer corresponding to auxiliary region; and seamless common electrode on electron injection layer. Hole injection layer contains WOx. Electron injection layer contains NaF. Common electrode contains Al that causes the reduction of NaF contained in electron injection layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element has an anode and a cathode a light-emitting layer including an organic material provided between the anode and the cathode, a hole injection layer provided between the anode and the light-emitting layer, and a electron injection layer provided between the light-emitting layer and the cathode 7. The hole injection layer and the electron injection layer include metal atoms and sulphur atoms. The sulphur concentration in the hole injection layer and the electron injection layer is no less than 96 ppm and no more than 439 ppm in terms of numerical ratio of sulphur atoms to metal atoms in the hole injection layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element has an anode and a cathode a light-emitting layer including an organic material provided between the anode and the cathode, a hole injection layer provided between the anode and the light-emitting layer, and a electron injection layer provided between the light-emitting layer and the cathode 7. The hole injection layer and the electron injection layer include metal atoms and sulphur atoms. The sulphur concentration in the hole injection layer and the electron injection layer is no less than 96 ppm and no more than 439 ppm in terms of numerical ratio of sulphur atoms to metal atoms in the hole injection layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting element. A first layer is formed above a substrate, and exhibits hole injection properties. A bank material layer is formed above the first layer using a bank material. Banks are formed by patterning the bank material layer, and forming a resin film on a surface of the first layer by attaching a portion of the bank material layer to the first layer, the banks defining apertures corresponding to light-emitters, the resin material being the same as the bank material. A functional layer is formed by applying ink to the apertures that contacts the resin film. The ink contains an organic material. The functional layer includes an organic light-emitting layer. A second layer is formed above the functional layer and exhibits electron injection properties. The hole injection properties of the first layer are then degraded by applying electrical power to an element structure.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting element is provided. A first layer is formed above a substrate, and exhibits hole injection properties. A bank material layer is formed above the first layer using a bank material. Banks are formed by patterning the bank material layer, and forming a resin film on a surface of the first layer by attaching a portion of the bank material layer to the first layer. The banks define apertures corresponding to light-emitters. The resin material is the same as the bank material. A functional layer is formed by applying ink to the apertures that contacts the resin film. The ink contains an organic material. The functional layer includes an organic light-emitting layer. A second layer is formed above the functional layer and exhibits electron injection properties. The hole injection properties of the first layer are degraded by applying electrical power to an element structure.

Abstract: An organic EL element including: pixel electrode on a section of TFT substrate corresponding to pixel region; auxiliary connector on a section of TFT substrate corresponding to auxiliary region; hole injection layer on pixel electrode and auxiliary connector; and light-emitting layer on a section of hole injection layer corresponding to pixel region. The organic EL element additionally includes: electron injection layer on light-emitting layer and a section of hole injection layer corresponding to auxiliary region; and seamless common electrode on electron injection layer. Hole injection layer contains WOx. Electron injection layer contains NaF. Common electrode contains Al that causes the reduction of NaF contained in electron injection layer.