Abstract: A semiconductor optical element of the present disclosure includes: a ridge structure provided on a first-conductivity-type semiconductor substrate and including a first-conductivity-type cladding layer and an active layer; a buried structure provided on both side surfaces of the ridge structure; a second-conductivity-type cladding layer and a second-conductivity-type contact layer provided on a surface of the buried structure; a second-conductivity-type ridge upper cladding layer provided above the ridge structure; a recess having a bottom surface formed of an upper surface of the second-conductivity-type ridge upper cladding layer and side surfaces formed of the second-conductivity-type cladding layer and the second-conductivity-type contact layer; a mesa structure having both side surfaces formed by a mesa extending from the second-conductivity-type contact layer to the first-conductivity-type semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A biological material measuring apparatus includes an infrared light source unit to radiate infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength region including absorption wavelengths of a biological material, a prism to cause the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source unit to pass therethrough and emit the infrared light to a living body surface while being in contact with the living body surface, a light source to radiate light of a wavelength in a visible light region or a near infrared region to the prism, and a light position detector to detect a path of light from the light source by detecting light from the light source which is emitted from the prism.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser comprises: a semiconductor substrate; a semiconductor structure part that is formed on the substrate; a surface electrode formed on the structure part opposite to the substrate; and a conductive member formed on the surface electrode opposite to the substrate. The conductive member is such that part of or the whole of a side face thereof on an emission facet side, the side face being one side face in an x-direction parallel to an extending direction of an active layer, is formed to be away from an emission facet in the structure part toward a side of the other facet opposed to the emission facet in the x-direction. In the semiconductor laser, a receding portion is formed such that at least part of the conductive member recedes toward the side of the other facet in the x-direction from the emission facet.

Abstract: Provided are a lens, a stem, an LD chip to emit laser light with a beam center directed along a mounting surface of the stem, and a PD chip having a reflective surface formed with a dielectric multilayer film on its surface, reflecting the laser light emitted from the LD chip toward the lens, and measuring an amount of the laser light, wherein the LD chip is provided with a waveguide portion having a tip portion that is formed on a side of a front end face and has a width of 0.5 to 0.7 ?m, and having a tapered portion that is connected to the tip portion and becomes narrower toward the tip portion at a gradient of 0.018 to 0.033.

Abstract: A controller corrects a spectrum S (?) detected at a wavelength ? of signal light to S? (?) in accordance with expressions below: I(?)=(I2?I1)×(???1)/(?2??1)?I1, and S?(?)=S(?)?I(?), where I1 is the intensity of infrared light detected at a wavelength ?1 of reference light and I2 is the intensity of infrared light detected at a wavelength ?2 of correction light.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a black-colored medical device being safe for living bodies with a shortened time for applying a pulse potential. The method for producing the black-colored medical device includes a step S1 of applying a square wave pulse potential to a stainless-steel medical device immersed in an electrolytic aqueous solution as one electrode for 40 to 90 minutes to form a colored passivation film on a surface of the medical device; and a step S3 of applying silicone to the medical device after applying the pulse potential. The method may include a step of curing a part of the medical device after the step of applying the pulse potential and before the step of applying silicone.

Abstract: An infrared light source radiates infrared light. An ATR prism receives, on a first end face, the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source, causes the received infrared light to pass therethrough while repeating total reflection off a second end face and a third end face, and emits the infrared light that has passed therethrough from the third end face. An infrared photodetector detects the intensity of the infrared light emitted from the ATR prism. Strain sensors, which are contact sensors of one type, are attached to the ATR prism and configured to detect a contact state between the ATR prism and a measurement skin.

Abstract: An infrared light source radiates, to an ATR prism, infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength range with absorption wavelengths of a biological material. The ATR prism is adherable to a measurement skin. A prism vibration controller is mounted on the ATR prism and vibrates the ATR prism perpendicular to a contact surface between the ATR prism and the measurement skin. A controller causes an infrared photodetector to detect infrared light in synchronization with the vibration of the ATR prism.

Abstract: An optical waveguide interferometer that includes a first optical section, a second optical section, and a set of optical waveguides configured to connect the first and second optical sections, such that light propagating between the first optical section and the second optical section passes through each optical waveguide in the set, wherein the set of optical waveguides includes a first optical waveguide having a first length and a first width and a second optical waveguide having a second length and a second width, wherein the second length is greater than the first length, and the second width is greater than the first width.

Abstract: A biological material measuring apparatus includes an infrared light source unit to radiate infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength region including absorption wavelengths of a biological material, a prism to cause the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source unit to pass therethrough and emit the infrared light to a living body surface while being in contact with the living body surface, a light source to radiate light of a wavelength in a visible light region or a near infrared region to the prism, and a light position detector to detect a path of light from the light source by detecting light from the light source which is emitted from the prism.

Abstract: Two input waveguides are made of a semiconductor material. One output waveguide is made of a semiconductor material. A multi-mode-interference part is made of a semiconductor material. The multi-mode-interference part has an incoming end surface connected to the input waveguides, and an outgoing end surface opposite to the incoming end surface and connected to the output waveguide. The multi-mode-interference part has a waveguide width wider than the waveguide widths of the input waveguides and the waveguide width of the output waveguide. Two unwanted-light waveguides are made of a semiconductor material. The unwanted-light waveguides are connected to the outgoing end surface of the multi-mode-interference part so as to sandwich the output waveguide. The unwanted-light waveguides each satisfy a single-mode condition.

Abstract: An infrared light source radiates infrared light. An ATR prism receives, on a first end face, the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source, causes the received infrared light to pass therethrough while repeating total reflection off a second end face and a third end face, and emits the infrared light that has passed therethrough from the third end face. An infrared photodetector detects the intensity of the infrared light emitted from the ATR prism. Strain sensors, which are contact sensors of one type, are attached to the ATR prism and configured to detect a contact state between the ATR prism and a measurement skin.

Abstract: An infrared light source radiates, to an ATR prism, infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength range with absorption wavelengths of a biological material. The ATR prism is adherable to a measurement skin. A prism vibration controller is mounted on the ATR prism and vibrates the ATR prism perpendicular to a contact surface between the ATR prism and the measurement skin. A controller causes an infrared photodetector to detect infrared light in synchronization with the vibration of the ATR prism.

Abstract: A controller corrects a spectrum S (?) detected at a wavelength ? of signal light to S? (?) in accordance with expressions below: I(?)=(I2?I1)×(???1)/(?2??1)?I1, and S?(?)=S(?)?I(?), where I1 is the intensity of infrared light detected at a wavelength ?1 of reference light and I2 is the intensity of infrared light detected at a wavelength ?2 of correction light.

Abstract: Two input waveguides are made of a semiconductor material. One output waveguide is made of a semiconductor material. A multi-mode-interference part is made of a semiconductor material. The multi-mode-interference part has an incoming end surface connected to the input waveguides, and an outgoing end surface opposite to the incoming end surface and connected to the output waveguide. The multi-mode-interference part has a waveguide width wider than the waveguide widths of the input waveguides and the waveguide width of the output waveguide. Two unwanted-light waveguides are made of a semiconductor material. The unwanted-light waveguides are connected to the outgoing end surface of the multi-mode-interference part so as to sandwich the output waveguide. The unwanted-light waveguides each satisfy a single-mode condition.

Abstract: An optical waveguide interferometer that includes a first optical section, a second optical section, and a set of optical waveguides configured to connect the first and second optical sections, such that light propagating between the first optical section and the second optical section passes through each optical waveguide in the set, wherein the set of optical waveguides includes a first optical waveguide having a first length and a first width and a second optical waveguide having a second length and a second width, wherein the second length is greater than the first length, and the second width is greater than the first width.

Abstract: In an eyeless sewing needle, a periphery of an axial hole at the base end is heated to make a fibrous structure be a granular structure without directionality, and at least a part of a heat-affected zone made between the fibrous structure and the granular structure due to the heating is within a range that is three times the diameter of the sewing needle and that extends from an effective base of the axial hole towards the needlepoint. This allows provision of a flexible sewing needle so that the hole periphery can be processed while keeping a hard state at the position of the needlepoint slightly away from the axial hole.

Abstract: In an eyeless sewing needle, a periphery of an axial hole at the base end is heated to make a fibrous structure be a granular structure without directionality, and at least a part of a heat-affected zone made between the fibrous structure and the granular structure due to the heating is within a range that is three times the diameter of the sewing needle and that extends from an effective base of the axial hole towards the needlepoint. This allows provision of a flexible sewing needle so that the hole periphery can be processed while keeping a hard state at the position of the needlepoint slightly away from the axial hole.