Abstract: A multilayered container includes at least a polyolefin inner layer; an adhesive layer; a gas-barrier layer; an oxygen-absorbing layer; a gas-barrier layer; an adhesive layer; a polyolefin outer layer, and having at least a body portion and a bottom portion, wherein the gas-barrier layers include an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, the oxygen-absorbing layer includes an oxygen-absorbing resin composition that contains the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and an oxidizing organic component, an adsorbing agent is contained on the side inside of said gas-barrier layer, the thickness of the multilayered container at the thinnest portion is not more than 430 ?m, and the amount of oxygen absorbed after the heat-sterilization is not less than 23 cc per gram of the oxygen-absorbing resin composition. Despite of this decreased thickness, the multilayered container maintains excellent oxygen-barrier property and property for retaining flavor of the content even when it is subjected to the retort sterilization.

Abstract: A coating formed on a surface of a base material, the coating composition containing an ionic polymer (a), a hygroscopic agent (b) and a solvent, the hygroscopic agent (b) being a granular crosslinked product of a monovalent metal salt of a poly(meth)acrylic acid and being contained in an amount of 75 to 700 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the ionic polymer (a), and the coating having a haze of 5% or less and a maximum surface roughness Ra (JIS B-0601-1994) of 0.1 ?m or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, a charging roller, a cleaning roller, an urging member and an image forming portion. The charging roller has an outermost surface layer including an electroconductive resin material, first surface particles having an average particle size of more than 7 ?m and less than 30 ?m and second surface particles having an average particle size of more than 2 ?m and less than 6 ?m. The first and second surface particles are dispersed in the electroconductive resin material so as to form first projections and second projections, respectively. The cleaning roller cleaning roller includes a shaft potion and an elastic cleaning portion extending helically around the shaft portion and having a rectangular cross-section perpendicular to an extending direction thereof.

Abstract: A charging roller includes a surface layer containing first and second surface particles and satisfying the following: 6.0 (?m)?Rz?18.8 (?m), ??i) where Rz is a ten-point average roughness (?m) of a charging roller surface, 7 (?m)?d?20 (?m), ??ii) where d is a thickness (?m) of the surface layer, 9.8 (?m)?D1?15.8 (?m) and 2.8 (?m)?D2?5.2 (?m), ??iii) where D1 and D2 are average particle size (?m) of the first surface particles, and the second surface particles, respectively, 3.0?D1/D2?5.6, and ??iv) 0.10?M1/(M1+M2)?0.32, ??v) where M1 is a total weight (mg) of the first surface particles per unit area of the charging roller surface, and M2 is a total weight (mg) of the second surface particles per unit area of the charging roller surface.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member having a surface having elastic deformation power of 47% or more, a charging roller forming a nip between itself and the photosensitive member, and an image forming portion. When a nip region corresponding to the nip is formed and then an area of independent contact portions between the charging member and a measuring contact member is measured, the following relationship is satisfied: (contact width X)×(Contact area ratio ?)?0.1, where a length from a position of one end to a position of the other end of the nip region with respect to a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the charging roller is the contact width X, and a ratio of a sum of areas of the independent contact portions to an entire area of a measuring region is the contact area ratio ?.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, a charging roller, a voltage source, a current detecting member, and a setting portion configured to set the DC voltage applied to the charging roller in an image forming period on the basis of a detection result of the detecting member when a DC voltage less than a discharge start voltage is applied from the voltage source to the charging roller in a period other than the image forming period, wherein the setting portion sets the DC voltage so that an absolute value of the DC voltage when an absolute value of the detected current is a first value is larger than an absolute value of the DC voltage when the absolute value of the detected current is a second value smaller than the first value.

Abstract: A water barrier laminate (11) including a plastic base material (1) that faces the atmosphere of a high water content, as well as a first inorganic barrier layer (3), a water-trapping layer (5) and a second inorganic barrier layer (7) formed in this order on the plastic base material (1) on the side that does not face the atmosphere of the high water content, wherein an auxiliary water-trapping layer (10) is formed on the second inorganic barrier layer (7) on the side opposite to the water-trapping layer (5) to trap the water from the side surface, the auxiliary water-trapping layer (10) being located on the surface that faces the atmosphere of a low water content or being located in a region at a distance of not more than 20 ?m from the surface that faces the atmosphere of the low water content.

Abstract: A multilayered container having an intermediate layer that contains a resin composition B obtained by blending a resin composition A that contains at least a resin (a) having a hydroxyl group with a carboxyl compound (b) of which the ?-carbon is quaternary and of which the carboxyl group is forming no metal salt, wherein a ratio (COOH/OH) of the amount of the carboxyl groups of the carboxyl compound (b) to the amount of the hydroxyl groups of the resin (a) in the resin composition A is not more than 0.4 The multilayered container maintains excellent anti-eluting property and flavor-retaining property even when it is subjected to the retort sterilization.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, a charging roller, a voltage source, a current detecting member, and a setting portion configured to set the DC voltage applied to the charging roller in an image forming period on the basis of a detection result of the detecting member when a DC voltage less than a discharge start voltage is applied from the voltage source to the charging roller in a period other than the image forming period, wherein the setting portion sets the DC voltage so that an absolute value of the DC voltage when an absolute value of the detected current is a first value is larger than an absolute value of the DC voltage when the absolute value of the detected current is a second value smaller than the first value.

Abstract: A water-barrier laminate having a water-trapping layer (1) in which a hygroscopic agent is dispersed, wherein a hygroscopic agent has such a hygroscopic property that the ratio (Ax/Ay) of a hygroscopic amount Ax at a relative humidity of 80% and a hygroscopic amount Ay at a relative humidity of 30% is not less than 3, and the water-trapping layer is positioned between the two inorganic barrier layers (3a) and (3b). The water-barrier laminate exhibits barrier property against the water over extended periods of time.

Abstract: A coating composition including an ionic polymer (a), a hygroscopic agent (b) and a solvent, the hygroscopic agent (b) being a granular crosslinked product of a monovalent metal salt of a poly(meth)acrylic acid and being contained in an amount of 75 to 700 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the ionic polymer (a).

Abstract: A gas barrier laminate 10 having an inorganic barrier layer 3 and a water-trapping layer 5 that are formed on a plastic base material 1, the water-trapping layer 5 including a matrix of a cationic polymer (a) in which is distributed a hygroscopic agent (b) having such a hygroscopic property as to attain a humidity lower than a humidity that can be attained by using the matrix. The gas barrier laminate exhibits super barrier property against water despite of a structure of a small number of layers.

Abstract: A gas barrier laminate 10 having an inorganic barrier layer 3 and a water-trapping layer 5 that are formed on a plastic base material 1, the water-trapping layer 5 including a matrix of a cationic polymer (a) in which is distributed a hygroscopic agent (b) having such a hygroscopic property as to attain a humidity lower than a humidity that can be attained by using the matrix. The gas barrier laminate exhibits super barrier property against water despite of a structure of a small number of layers.

Abstract: A multilayered container includes at least a polyolefin inner layer; an adhesive layer; a gas-barrier layer; an oxygen-absorbing layer; a gas-barrier layer; an adhesive layer; a polyolefin outer layer, and having at least a body portion and a bottom portion, wherein the gas-barrier layers include an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, the oxygen-absorbing layer includes an oxygen-absorbing resin composition that contains the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer and an oxidizing organic component, an adsorbing agent is contained on the side inside of said gas-barrier layer, the thickness of the multilayered container at the thinnest portion is not more than 430 ?m, and the amount of oxygen absorbed after the heat-sterilization is not less than 23 cc per gram of the oxygen-absorbing resin composition. Despite of this decreased thickness, the multilayered container maintains excellent oxygen-barrier property and property for retaining flavor of the content even when it is subjected to the retort sterilization.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a multilayered plastic container which exhibits excellent oxygen-barrier property of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer to a sufficient degree without the need of providing a special adhesive layer, and which, when a polyolefin resin is used to form the inner and outer layers, too, not only permits the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer to be effectively used but also makes it very easy to set the conditions for satisfying predetermined properties.

Abstract: [Problems] To provide a multilayered plastic container which exhibits excellent oxygen-barrier property of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer to a sufficient degree without the need of providing a special adhesive layer, and which, when a polyolefin resin is used to form the inner and outer layers, too, not only permits the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer to be effectively used but also makes it very easy to set the conditions for satisfying predetermined properties.