Abstract: An electric field emission device includes a vacuum vessel configured to include a vacuum chamber; an emitter positioned on one side in an axial direction of the chamber and including an electron generation portion facing another side in the axial direction; a target positioned on the other side of the chamber and facing the emitter; a guard electrode that is a cylindrical body, is fixed to the vacuum vessel, and has an opening portion; a support to move the emitter in the axial direction on an inner side of the guard electrode; and an electric field shield body formed of a conductor connected to the guard electrode. The electric field shield body partially overlaps the opening portion on a projection plane in the axial direction, and is formed in a shape partitioning the opening portion into a plurality of areas.

Abstract: It is a CNT device (1) (carbon-metal structure) equipped with a carbon nanotube layer (2) (CNT layer 2; same hereafter) on a metal pedestal (4). The metal pedestal (4) is brazed to the CNT layer (2) with a brazing material layer (3) interposed therebetween. When manufacturing the CNT device (1), firstly, the CNT layer (2) is formed on a heat-resistant textured substrate (6). Next, the metal pedestal (4) is brazed to the CNT layer (2) that is on the heat-resistant textured substrate (6) with the brazing material layer (3) interposed therebetween. Then, the metal pedestal (4) (and the CNT layer 2) is peeled off the heat-resistant textured substrate (6) to transfer the CNT layer (2) from the heat-resistant textured substrate (6) to the metal pedestal (4).

Abstract: It is a CNT device (1) (carbon-metal structure) equipped with a carbon nanotube layer (2) (CNT layer 2; same hereafter) on a metal pedestal (4). The metal pedestal (4) is brazed to the CNT layer (2) with a brazing material layer (3) interposed therebetween. When manufacturing the CNT device (1), firstly, the CNT layer (2) is formed on a heat-resistant textured substrate (6). Next, the metal pedestal (4) is brazed to the CNT layer (2) that is on the heat-resistant textured substrate (6) with the brazing material layer (3) interposed therebetween. Then, the metal pedestal (4) (and the CNT layer 2) is peeled off the heat-resistant textured substrate (6) to transfer the CNT layer (2) from the heat-resistant textured substrate (6) to the metal pedestal (4).

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus used in a vehicle is provided to communicate with an electronic control apparatus that controls a driving force of the vehicle by executing any one of a plurality of predetermined different controls. The monitoring apparatus receives a vehicle specification from the electronic control apparatus, and determines whether the received vehicle specification is appropriate, to provide a determination result. The monitoring apparatus further sets whether at least one of the predetermined different controls is permitted or not permitted to be executed by the electronic control apparatus in response to the determination result.

Abstract: a monitoring apparatus used in a vehicle is provided to communicate with an electronic control apparatus that controls a driving force of the vehicle by executing any one of a plurality of predetermined different controls. The monitoring apparatus receives a vehicle specification from the electronic control apparatus, and determines whether the received vehicle specification is appropriate, to provide a determination result. The monitoring apparatus further sets whether at least one of the predetermined different controls is permitted or not permitted to be executed by the electronic control apparatus in response to the determination result.

Abstract: Recombinant Baculovirus in which the cDNA encoding E protein derived from Japanese encephalitis virus is integrated into the genome region non-essential to proliferation of Baculovirus under control of the promoter is infected to insect cells such as Sf9 cells, derived from Spodoptera frugiperda and the infected cells are cultured to express E protein of Japanese encephalitis. This E protein is useful as vaccines or diagnostics.

Abstract: There is provided a recombinant vaccinia virus having inserted cDNA coding for E-protein of Japanese encephalitis virus into a genome region non-essential to growth of a vaccinia virus, in the form of capable expression. The recombinant vaccinia virus is useful as a live vaccine.