Abstract: An electrical heating type catalytic device having a metallic catalyst carrier constituted by layering metallic foils, surfaces of the metallic foils being coated by an insulation film, adjoining metallic foils being joined conductively in only some regions of the metallic catalyst carrier.

Abstract: An optimum shift timing indicating device for a vehicle includes: a speed sensor for detecting a rotational speed of an engine or a running speed of the vehicle; a load sensor for detecting an engine load; a data processing device having a data map or maps fewer in number than gear positions of the vehicle transmission, said data map or maps having a set shift-up region and/or shift-down region selected in accordance with the rotational speed of the engine or the running speed of the vehicle and the engine load, for emitting a shift-up instruction signal and/or a shift-down instruction signal in accordance with the rotational speed of the engine or the running speed of the vehicle and the engine load; and a shift instructing device for giving a driver a shift-up instruction and/or a shift-down instruction in response to an output from said data processing device; so that instruction about the optimum shift timing can be given to the driver with the use of only a small memory capacity.

Abstract: The optimum shift position indicating device of a vehicle comprising: a vehicle speed sensor for detecting a running speed of the vehicle; an engine rotation sensor for detecting a rotational speed of an engine; an engine load sensor for detecting an engine load; an operational circuit in which a driving power at present is calculated from an engine torque obtainable from the engine rotational speed and the engine load, subsequently, required engine torques at respective shift positions are calculated from the driving power, further, fuel consumption rates at the respective shift positions are obtained from the engine rotational speeds and the required engine torques at the respective shift positions, and information on the optimum shift position where the best fuel consumption rate is obtainable is outputted; and shift position indicating elements for indicating an output from said operational circuit; and capable of giving a driver the information on the optimum shift position where the best fuel consumptio