Abstract: A method for producing an aqueous dispersion of a fluorine-containing elastomer, which includes polymerizing a fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of an aqueous medium and a fluorine-containing compound (A), wherein the fluorine-containing elastomer contains a methylene group in a main chain, the fluorine-containing compound (A) is a compound represented by general formula (A): CXiXk?CXjRa—(CZ1Z2)k—Y3??(A) wherein Xi, Xj, and Xk are the same or different and are F, Cl, H, or CF3; Y3 is a hydrophilic group; Ra is a linking group; Z1 and Z2 are the same or different and are H, F, or CF3; and k is 0 or 1; provided that at least one of Xi, Xk, Xj, Ra, Z1, and Z2 includes F; and the number of carbon atoms in a portion excluding the hydrophilic group is 6 or less, and the fluorine-containing compound (A) is fed after polymerization is initiated.

Abstract: Noble metal, particularly ruthenium, Raney catalysts which can hydrogenate (1) aromaticity-exhibiting ring portions of organic compounds, (2) carboxylic acids and their ester portions (carbonyl ester groups), (3) ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester groups in compounds having such ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester portions, and (4) ring portions and nitrile groups of aromatic nitrile compounds and methods for the preparation of corresponding hydrogenated compounds. The methods allow preparation of hydrogenated compounds having hydrogenated aromatic ring portions, hydrogenated carbonyl ester groups, hydrogenated aromatic ring and carbonyl ester groups, or hydrogenated aromatic rings and nitrile groups under milder hydrogen pressure and temperature conditions than the conventional catalysts.

Abstract: Noble metal, particularly ruthenium, Raney catalysts which can hydrogenate (1) aromaticity-exhibiting ring portions of organic compounds, (2) carboxylic acids and their ester portions (carbonyl ester groups), (3) ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester groups in compounds having such ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester portions, and (4) ring portions and nitrile groups of aromatic nitrile compounds and methods for the preparation of corresponding hydrogenated compounds. The methods allow preparation of hydrogenated compounds having hydrogenated aromatic ring portions, hydrogenated carbonyl ester groups, hydrogenated aromatic ring and carbonyl ester groups, or hydrogenated aromatic rings and nitrile groups under milder hydrogen pressure and temperature conditions than the conventional catalysts.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a process for preparing a cyano group-containing methylamine, comprising hydrogenating only one of the two nitrile groups of a aromatic dinitrile, wherein the aromatic dinitrile is reacted a a high conversion ratio using a small amount of a catalyst under the conditions of a low temperature and a low pressure to prepare a cyano group-containing aromatic methylamine in a high yield.

Abstract: Noble metal, particularly ruthenium, Raney catalysts having the property of catalyzing the hydrogenation of (1) aromaticity-exhibiting ring portions of organic compounds, (2) carboxylic acids and their ester portions (carbonyl ester groups), (3) ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester groups in compounds having such ring portions and carboxylic acid or their ester portions, and (4) ring portions and nitrile groups of aromatic nitrile compounds and methods for the preparation of corresponding hydrogenated compounds. The methods allow preparation of hydrogenated compounds having hydrogenated aromatic ring portions, hydrogenated carbonyl ester groups, hydrogenated aromatic ring and carbonyl ester groups, or hydrogenated aromatic rings and nitrile groups under milder hydrogen pressure and temperature conditions than the conventional catalysts.

Abstract: A hydantoin compound of the formula: ##STR1## (wherein R stands for an alkyl group of 8 to 20 carbon atoms) increases the sensitivity of a color developing reaction of a heat-sensitive recording material and enhances the high-speed recording property of the recording material without sacrifice of the whiteness thereof. The heat-sensitive recording material containing the hydantoin compound is novel to the art.

Abstract: A hydantoin compound of the formula: ##STR1## (wherein R stands for an alkyl group of 8 to 20 carbon atoms) increases the sensitivity of a color developing reaction of a heat-sensitive recording material and enhances the high-speed recording property of The recordig matvrial Without sacifice of the whiteness thereof. The heat-sensitive recording material containing the hydantoin compound is novel to the art.