Abstract: The thermoforming method of the present invention is a method that includes thermoplasticizing a portion, including a part 2 which is molded with molds, of a thermoforming sheet 1 in which at least one or more thermoplastic resin layers (A) and a decorative layer (B) were laminated, at a temperature range of (Tg (A)?30)° C. to (Tg (A)+10)° C.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter for cameras is provided with a shutter blade which can be actuated to both directions for opening and for closing a photographing optical path by an electromagnetic apparatus. When a rotor is rotated to the direction corresponding to the direction of conduction of coils an actuating member which is formed in one with the rotor make arms rotate by its actuating pin and actuates four blades of the shutter blade about upward and downward direction. A brake member rotatably arranged together with on a friction plate on a shaft has bent portions formed near tip portions of the arm portions which are inserted in a slot on a shutter base plate. An operation for opening the shutter blade is braked by the actuating pin contacting, pressing and moving one of the bent portions at termination stage, and a closing operation is braked by the actuating pin contacting, pressing and moving another bent portion at the termination stage.

Abstract: A focal plane shutter for cameras is provided with a shutter blade which can be actuated to both directions for opening and for closing a photographing optical path by an electromagnetic apparatus. When a rotor is rotated to the direction corresponding to the direction of conduction of coils an actuating member which is formed in one with the rotor make arms rotate by its actuating pin and actuates four blades of the shutter blade about upward and downward direction. A brake member rotatably arranged together with on a friction plate on a shaft has bent portions formed near tip portions of the arm portions which are inserted in a slot on a shutter base plate. An operation for opening the shutter blade is braked by the actuating pin contacting, pressing and moving one of the bent portions at termination stage, and a closing operation is braked by the actuating pin contacting, pressing and moving another bent portion at the termination stage.

Abstract: When the main power of a camera is turned on, a set member (14) is rotated from an initial position to a set position by an operation member (15) on the camera side and once stops at a midway position. At this time, a second blade group (19) retreats from an aperture (1a) and a first blade group (16) enters the aperture 1a to a position not covering an image pickup device (4), so that the aperture (1a) is opened and it is made possible to display a subject in an electronic viewfinder. When a release button is pressed, the set member (14) is rotated from the midway position to the set position and thus the aperture (1a) is covered with the first blade group (16). After this, when drive members (10, 12) are attracted to iron cores (8, 9) and the set member (14) is restored to the initial position, the drive members perform light exposure operation in order.

Abstract: When the main power of a camera is turned on, a set member (14) is rotated from an initial position to a set position by an operation member (15) on the camera side and once stops at a midway position. At this time, a second blade group (19) retreats from an aperture (1a) and a first blade group (16) enters the aperture 1a to a position not covering an image pickup device (4), so that the aperture (1a) is opened and it is made possible to display a subject in an electronic viewfinder. When a. release button is pressed, the set member (14) is rotated from the midway position to the set position and thus the aperture (1a) is covered with the first blade group (16). After this, when drive members (10, 12) are attracted to iron cores (8, 9) and the set member (14) is restored to the, initial position, the drive members perform light exposure operation in order.

Abstract: The electrophoresis apparatus comprises rectifier (A) which rectifies an AC current from a universal AC power source and outputs a rectified wave, an electrophoresis cell and an electric controller which applies an electric output from the rectifier (A) to a carrier disposed in the electrophoresis cell, the elastic controller comprising a controller (3) for indirectly controlling, in accordance with external inputs, a driving section (6) which controls an electric output from the rectifier circuit. The electrophoresis cell unit defines a recess for receiving the electric controller, and a cover is positionable over the electrophoresis cell unit. The cover includes a cover terminal, where the cover and cover terminal are shaped to electrically connect an output terminal of the electric controller to an input terminal of the electrophoresis cell unit when the cell covers the electrophoresis cell unit.

Abstract: The electrophoresis apparatus comprises rectifier (A) which rectifies an AC current from a universal AC power source and outputs a rectified wave, an electrophoresis cell and an electric controller which applies an electric output from the rectifier (A) to a carrier disposed in the electrophoresis cell, the elastic controller comprising a controller (3) for indirectly controlling, in accordance with external inputs, a driving section (6) which controls an electric output from the rectifier circuit. The electrophoresis cell unit defines a recess for receiving the electric controller, and a cover is positionable over the electrophoresis cell unit. The cover includes a cover terminal, where the cover and cover terminal are shaped to electrically connect an output terminal of the electric controller to an input terminal of the electrophoresis cell unit when the; cell covers the electrophoresis cell unit.

Abstract: The electrophoresis apparatus comprises rectifier (A) which rectifies an AC current from a universal AC power source and outputs a rectified wave, an electrophoresis cell and an electric controller which applies an electric output from the rectifier (A) to a carrier disposed in the electrophoresis cell, the elastic controller comprising a controller (3) for indirectly controlling, in accordance with external inputs, a driving section (6) which controls an electric output from the rectifier circuit. The electrophoresis cell unit defines a recess for receiving the electric controller, and a cover is positionable over the electrophoresis cell unit. The cover includes a cover terminal, where the cover and cover terminal are shaped to electrically connect an output terminal of the electric controller to an input terminal of the electrophoresis cell unit when the cell covers the electrophoresis cell unit.

Abstract: A simplified electrophoresis apparatus which imposes no excessive operating burden on users, permits stable control, can be configured compact and light in weight, and allows electrophoresis to be carried out as excellently as the conventional electrophoresis apparatus. The electrophoresis apparatus comprises rectifier means (A) which rectifies an AC current from a universal AC power source and outputs a rectified wave, an electrophoresis cell and an electric controller which applies an electric output from said rectifier means (A) to a carrier disposed in the electrophoresis cell, the electric controller comprising control means (3) for indirectly controlling, in accordance with external inputs, a driving section (6) which controls an electric output from the rectifier circuit.

Abstract: An optical encoding apparatus is provided which is not affected by fluctuation of wavelength of a light beam due to temperature change, without sacrificing resolution of measurement. The optical encoding apparatus includes a light source for emitting a light beam, a light beam condenser for condensing the light beam emitted by the light source, a first diffraction grating to which light beams condensed by the light beam condenser are directed, and a second diffraction grating to which light beams exiting from the first diffraction grating are directed. Additionally, a displacement information obtaining device is included for obtaining information regarding a displacement of one of the first and second diffraction gratings, the information being obtained according to a twice-diffracted beam and a twice-transmitted beam incident upon the second diffraction grating.