Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member and an image forming apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a cylindrical body and a photosensitive layer formed on a circumferential surface of the cylindrical body and including a latent image forming area and a non-latent image forming area. The photosensitive layer includes a stress relaxation portion at the non-latent image forming area for releasing stress applied between the cylindrical body and the photosensitive layer. The present invention further relates to a method of producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A second operational amplifier (11) of a core unit (1) shorts an inverting input terminal and an output terminal. A signal line (19) is connected to a non-inverting input terminal. A capacitive sensor (18) is connected to the signal line (19). A first operational amplifier (12) earths the non-inverting input terminal. One end of a first resistance (15) and one end of a second resistance (16) are respectively connected to the inverting input terminal. The other end of the first resistance (15) is connected to an alternate current voltage generator (14). The other end of the second resistance (16) is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier (11). A signal output terminal (21) of the core unit (1) is connected to an inverting amplification device (2). An alternate output terminal (22) of the core unit (1) and an inverting output terminal (42) of the inverting amplification device (2) are connected to an addition device (3).

Abstract: A second operational amplifier (11) of a core unit (1) shorts an inverting input terminal and an output terminal. A signal line (19) is connected to a non-inverting input terminal. A capacitive sensor (18) is connected to the signal line (19). A first operational amplifier (12) earths the non-inverting input terminal. One end of a first resistance (15) and one end of a second resistance (16) are respectively connected to the inverting input terminal. The other end of the first resistance (15) is connected to an alternate current voltage generator (14). The other end of the second resistance (16) is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier (11). A signal output terminal (21) of the core unit (1) is connected to an inverting amplification device (2). An alternate output terminal (22) of the core unit (1) and an inverting output terminal (42) of the inverting amplification device (2) are connected to an addition device (3).

Abstract: A zinc oxide lightning protector, wherein end plates are mounted at the ends of an insulator and a zinc oxide element section is arranged between the cover plates. Support metal members are mounted on the cover plates between the zinc oxide element section and the insulator to support an insulation cylinder therebetween. A space is formed between at least an end of an insulation cylinder and a corresponding cover plate to absorb the expansion or contraction of the insulation cylinder due to temperature changes, thus preventing the insulation cylinder from deforming. The elements are eccentrically arranged against the insulation cylinder, to thereby cause the gas flow along peripheral direction so that the laminar flow is changed into a turbulent flow. Thus, the heat conduction is improved to improve the radiation characteristic of the zinc oxide element section.