Abstract: Purpose of the present invention is consists in provision of a water-borne metallic color coating composition, a two-coating and one-baking application method therewith, and a multilayered coating film having an excellent flip-flop property thereby, wherein the water-borne metallic color coating composition has superior properties such as coloring property, recoat adhesion, chipping resistance, water-resistant adhesion, and the like. The water-borne metallic color coating composition can provide a coating film having the above-superior properties and an excellent flip-flop property, by a two-coating and one-baking application method, without disturbing the orientation of the luster color pigment(s) therein before/after an application of a clear coating composition and without adversely effecting on the flip-flop property.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrodeposition coating composition excellent in storage stability and capable of forming a novel multilayer structure comprising a particle A containing a resin (a) whose solubility parameter is &dgr;a, and a particle B containing a curing agent and a resin (b) whose solubility parameter is &dgr;b, wherein the value of (&dgr;b-&dgr;a) is not less than 1.0.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrodeposition coating composition excellent in storage stability and capable of forming a novel multilayer structure and thus useful in the three-wet one-bake coating technique which is intended for coating process curtailment, cost reduction and environmental impact reduction and by which coating films not only comparable in appearance, solvent resistance and corrosion resistance to the conventional three-coat films but also excellent in shock resistance (chipping resistance) can be formed.

Abstract: An electronic control system with a self-diagnostic function for use in a motor vehicle, which is arranged to write the vehicle operation state data such as engine intake air amount at the time of no occurrence of abnormality into the internal memory of a microcomputer basically making up an electronic control system and, in response to the occurrence of abnormality, add check-function data to the operation state data which is in turn transferred to a backup memory. That is, at the time when abnormality occurs, the data whose significance is relatively high are stored in an internal storage of a microcomputer such as a non-volatile battery-backup RAM with check-function data being respectively added thereto so as to improve the data reliability. On the other hand, the data whose significance is relatively low are stored in an external storage such as a battery-backup RAM, together with check-function data for totally checking the data, thereby improving the data reliability.