Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of analyzing a composition of nucleic acids derived from a single cell using a microplate including a plurality of reaction wells, the microplate having one bead arranged in one reaction well, the one bead having bound thereto a plurality of molecules of single-stranded oligonucleotides, the single-stranded oligonucleotides each having a nucleic acid capture sequence exposed at the 3? end and a barcode sequence on the 5? side of the nucleic acid capture sequence, the barcode sequence including a base sequence that differs from bead to bead.

Abstract: Disclosed is a means for reducing side effects of an immune checkpoint regulator that is used as an anticancer drug or the like. A side-effect reducing agent according to the present invention comprises as an effective ingredient an anti-CD4 antibody having a high cytotoxic activity, or an anti-CD4 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof which antibody or fragment comprises a cytotoxic component bound thereto. The anti-CD4 antibody is a human-type chimeric antibody, humanized antibody or human antibody against human CD4. The immune checkpoint regulator may be, for example, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, an antagonistic anti-CTLA-4 antibody, or an agonistic anti-OX40 antibody.

Abstract: The instant invention provides methods and compositions for modulation of the immune system. Specifically, the present disclosure provides methods and compositions for increasing T cell mediated immune response useful in the treatment of cancer and chronic infection.

Abstract: The instant invention provides methods and compositions for modulation of the immune system. Specifically, the invention provides methods and compositions for increasing T cell mediated immune response useful in the treatment of cancer and chronic infection.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an immunological reconstitution promoter or a prophylactic agent for infections for use in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy for tumors. The promoter or prophylactic agent enables the amelioration of delayed immune reconstitution or the prevention of infection following transplantation, while maintaining the GVT effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Specifically, in a transplant patient in whom immune reconstitution is delayed, such reconstitution can be promoted by administering, at an early stage following transplantation, a substance capable of depleting CD4+ cells. Early completion of infection management in the patient and improvement in the survival rate are anticipated as a result. In addition, the risk of complications associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is reduced, enabling more widespread use of this therapy.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for radiation damage that has a novel mechanism of action and can prevent and alleviate a wide range of symptoms of radiation damage for which no therapeutic measures have been available so far, and moreover, is highly safe to humans. A preventive and/or therapeutic agent for radiation damage comprising a compound represented by the following formula (I) such as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient can be used to improve the survival rate, improve body weight reduction, and alleviate hematopoietic disorder: (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyl group; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group).

Abstract: Purified immunocytes were analyzed for expression frequencies, and the NKIR gene expressed specifically in natural killer (NK) cells was successfully identified. The NKIR gene encodes a receptor. Agonists and antagonists for the receptor can be identified by using the receptor.

Abstract: The instant invention provides methods and compositions for modulation of the immune system. Specifically, the invention provides methods and compositions for increasing T cell mediated immune response useful in the treatment of cancer and chronic infection.

Abstract: The instant invention provides methods and compositions for modulation of the immune system. Specifically, the invention provides methods and compositions for increasing T cell mediated immune response useful in the treatment of cancer and chronic infection.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an immunological reconstitution promoter or a prophylactic agent for infections for use in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy for tumors. The promoter or prophylactic agent enables the amelioration of delayed immune reconstitution or the prevention of infection following transplantation, while maintaining the GVT effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Specifically, in a transplant patient in whom immune reconstitution is delayed, such reconstitution can be promoted by administering, at an early stage following transplantation, a substance capable of depleting CD4+ cells. Early completion of infection management in the patient and improvement in the survival rate are anticipated as a result. In addition, the risk of complications associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is reduced, enabling more widespread use of this therapy.

Abstract: The instant invention provides methods and compositions for modulation of the immune system. Specifically, the invention provides methods and compositions for increasing T cell mediated immune response useful in the treatment of cancer and chronic infection.

Abstract: Concerning intracellular signal transduction mechanism, there has been drawn a novel hypothesis that, even in the case where phosphorylation does not occur in the intracellular C-terminal domain of a receptor, an unknown molecule associates with the Pro-C terminal domain of a G protein-coupled receptor for each chemokine and thus leukocyte chemotaxis depending on the receptor is controlled. To examine this hypothesis and clarify therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases as well as other various diseases, attempts are made to search for a CCR2-binding protein. As a result, a novel cytoplasmic protein associating directly and specifically with the Pro-12-C-terminal domain of CCR2 is found out and it is clarified that this protein forms clusters with CCR2 after stimulation with CCL2. Thus, it is confirmed that there is a novel signal transduction system in the G protein relating signal transduction in the CCL2-CCR2 pathway.

Abstract: Although the fields of therapeutic applications of dendritic cells are now expanding, dendritic cell precursors exist only in a small amount in the peripheral blood and, therefore, it is still difficult to obtain them in a therapeutically useful amount even though they are proliferated in vitro. Therefore, it is a key point in performing a therapy with the use of dendritic cells in practice to elevate dendritic cell precursor level in the peripheral blood of a patient. The present invention provides an agent for elevating dendritic cell precursor level in the blood which comprises an agonist to a receptor expressed in immature dendritic cells or a functional derivative thereof as the active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a recombinant virus which is efficacious and highly safe in preventing the onset of SARS infection and a vaccine for SARS coronavirus containing the same. The recombinant virus of the invention can express a SARS coronavirus gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for providing as tags the nucleotide sequences at the 5? end of mRNA. The method of the present invention comprises the step of synthesizing cDNA using, as a template, mRNA whose CAP structure is linked with a IIs linker having a type IIs endonuclease recognition sequence. Tags including the nucleotide sequence from the 5? end of mRNA are generated by reacting the type IIs endonuclease to cDNA. Tags can be generated from all mRNA, independently of their nucleotide sequences. Methods for identifying transcriptional start sites and primers for full-length cDNA synthesis are provided based on the nucleotide sequence information of tags of the present invention.

Abstract: Concerning intracellular signal transduction mechanism, there has been drawn a novel hypothesis that, even in the case where phosphorylation does not occur in the intracellular C-terminal domain of a receptor, an unknown molecule associates with the Pro-C terminal domain of a G protein-coupled receptor for each chemokine and thus leukocyte chemotaxis depending on the receptor is controlled. To examine this hypothesis and clarify therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases as well as other various diseases, attempts are made to search for a CCR2-binding protein. As a result, a novel cytoplasmic protein associating directly and specifically with the Pro-12-C-terminal domain of CCR2 is found out and it is clarified that this protein forms clusters with CCR2 after stimulation with CCL2. Thus, it is confirmed that there is a novel signal transduction system in the G protein relating signal transduction in the CCL2-CCR2 pathway.

Abstract: Although the fields of therapeutic applications of dendritic cells are now expanding, dendritic cell precursors exist only in a small amount in the peripheral blood and, therefore, it is still difficult to obtain them in a therapeutically useful amount even though they are proliferated in vitro. Therefore, it is a key point in performing a therapy with the use of dendritic cells in practice to elevate dendritic cell precursor level in the peripheral blood of a patient. The present invention provides an agent for elevating dendritic cell precursor level in the blood which comprises an agonist to a receptor expressed in immature dendritic cells or a functional derivative thereof as the active ingredient.

Abstract: Compounds which are antagonists of MCP-1 function and are useful in the prevention or treatment of chronic or acute inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, especially those associated with aberrant lymphocyte or monocyte accumulation such as arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, nephrtitis, pancreatitis, pulmonary fibrosis, psoriasis, restenosis, and transplant rejection; pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds; and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases.

Abstract: Purified immunocytes were analyzed for expression frequencies, and the NKIR gene expressed specifically in natural killer (NK) cells was successfully identified. The NKIR gene encodes a receptor. Agonists and antagonists for the receptor can be identified by using the receptor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a remedy for sarcoidosis, one of systemic granulomatous diseases, and a method for treating sarcoidosis. A remedy for sarcoidosis containing a Propionibacterium acnes-targeting antibiotic such as minocycline hydrochloride and clindamycin as an active component is prepared. Further, sarcoidosis is treated by administering this remedy for sarcoidosis to sarcoidosis patients.