Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a plurality of contacts electrically connectable to an accessory and arranged in a first direction orthogonal to a direction in which the accessory is attached. The contacts include an attachment detection contact to detect an attachment of the accessory to the electronic apparatus, and a communication request contact for a communication request from the accessory to the electronic apparatus. The attachment detection and communication request contacts are disposed between a contact closest one end and a contact closest to another end in the first direction. The attachment detection contact is disposed between the communication request contact and the contact closest to the one end. In the first direction, a distance between the attachment detection contact and the communication request contact is shorter than that between the communication request contact and the contact closest to the other end.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes: an in-vehicle apparatus having a signal transmission unit that transmits different pulse pattern signals from multiple transmitting antennas; and a portable device having a receiving unit that receives the signals. The in-vehicle apparatus or the portable device includes a portable device position identification unit that identifies a position of the portable device according to the signals. The portable device includes a frequency-to-voltage conversion unit that outputs a voltage corresponding to a frequency of each signal. The portable device position identification unit includes: a first storage unit that preliminary stores voltage change patterns corresponding to the frequencies of the signals in relation to positions of the vehicle; and a first position estimation unit that compares the voltage change patterns of the frequency-to-voltage conversion unit with the voltage change patterns in the first storage unit, and estimates the position of the portable device.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes: an in-vehicle apparatus having a signal transmission unit that transmits different pulse pattern signals from multiple transmitting antennas; and a portable device having a receiving unit that receives the signals. The in-vehicle apparatus or the portable device includes a portable device position identification unit that identifies a position of the portable device according to the signals. The portable device includes a frequency-to-voltage conversion unit that outputs a voltage corresponding to a frequency of each signal. The portable device position identification unit includes: a first storage unit that preliminary stores voltage change patterns corresponding to the frequencies of the signals in relation to positions of the vehicle; and a first position estimation unit that compares the voltage change patterns of the frequency-to-voltage conversion unit with the voltage change patterns in the first storage unit, and estimates the position of the portable device.

Abstract: A wafer heating apparatus is provided, including a heat-homogenizing plate comprising a ceramic substrate and having a mounting surface which is an upper surface of the ceramic substrate for mounting a wafer thereon, a heating element provided on the lower surface of the heat-homogenizing plate and pad electrodes connecting electrically to the heating element on said lower surface, wherein the mounting major surface is convex, particularly, with the height of the central portion of the mounting major surface with respect to the periphery thereof is in a range of 10 to 80 &mgr;m. In the wafer heating apparatus a plurality of supporting pins are planted on the mounting surface to support the wafer thereon placed from the mounting surface. The ceramic substrate includes silicon carbide, and an insulating layer is secured on the ceramic substrate and the heating element is secured on said insulating layer, the insulating layer being a glass layer having an lower expansion coefficient by 0.

Abstract: A wafer heating apparatus is provided, including a heat-homogenizing plate comprising a ceramic substrate and having a mounting surface which is an upper surface of the ceramic substrate for mounting a wafer thereon, a heating element provided on the lower surface of the heat-homogenizing plate and pad electrodes connecting electrically to the heating element on said lower surface, wherein the mounting major surface is convex, particularly, with the height of the central portion of the mounting major surface with respect to the periphery thereof is in a range of 10 to 80 &mgr;m. In the wafer heating apparatus a plurality of supporting pins are planted on the mounting surface to support the wafer thereon placed from the mounting surface. The ceramic substrate includes silicon carbide, and an insulating layer is secured on the ceramic substrate and the heating element is secured on said insulating layer, the insulating layer being a glass layer having an lower expansion coefficient by 0.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a developing device is disposed adjacent to a belt-like photosensitive member. A rotary type developing device has a hollow cylindrical casing rotatable around a shaft having a central portion for rotation. The developing device includes a casing which is rotated in a predetermined direction, and four partitions which divide the casing to make four developing units which extend radially outward from the shaft. A toner storing section or hopper is provided on one side of the developing device, i.e., on a front side of the image forming apparatus, and a toner cartridge is detachable from a top of the hopper, and the toner cartridge is exchanged when an end signal of the toner is detected by a sensor in the casing. The toner hopper is filled by new toner from the toner cartridge, and the toner is carried by conveyor members, which control an amount of the toner in the casing, and a supply roller supplies the toner to a developing roller.

Abstract: A developing device of one-component developing type for use in the electrophotographic copying machine capable of developing latent image on the image carrier. The device comprises a developer carrying member having resistor layer on its surface layer, a regulation member for regulating the thickness of developer disposed on the developer carrying member, a replenishing member for replenishing developer onto the developer carrying member after finishing a process of developing, and a removing member for removing developer remaining on the developer carrying member after finishing a process of developing. The device sets the relationship of the time constants and the operational time periods in the form of inequalities, in order to obtain an optimum condition of developing. There are nine methods of setting the combination of time constant(s) and the operational time periods so as to satisfy the respective inequalities mentioned in the description of the invention.