Abstract: A data processing device capable of digital processing of analog data and obtaining analog output signals from the result of digital processing, without the use of analog-digital converters or digital-analog converters.

Abstract: Adjustment of a gain and an offset of a data processing apparatus for controlling the operation of a copying machine or the like can be performed all at once without requiring adjustment of individual components making up the apparatus, such as an A/D converter. Changes in the gain and/or offset of the apparatus which occur with time can be compensated for. Data fetch and output can be efficiently performed.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer cleaning system includes a chemical cleaning section having a process vessel. A holder is arranged in the process vessel. The holder holds 50 wafers at once. Fifty grooves for receiving peripheral portions of wafers are formed on the holder. Fifty wafers are passed/received all together by a chuck having a pair of opening/closing arms to/from the holder. Fifty grooves for receiving peripheral portions of wafers are formed on each arm. A positioning apparatus is used to correct the offset of the relative position between the chuck and the holder from a reference relative position for transfer of wafers. The positioning apparatus has a detection unit which can be mounted on the chuck and has image pickup sections on two end portions. Each image pickup section simultaneously images a groove on the chuck and a corresponding groove on the holder. The resultant images of the two grooves are displayed within the same coordinate system on a monitor to be superposed on each other.

Abstract: A washing system comprising a wafer washing section having plural chemical washing vessels, plural water washing vessels and a drier, a cassette washing section having a water washing device and a drier, a loader section for taking out the wafers from the cassettes and loading the wafers into the wafer washing section, an unloader section for returning the washed wafers in the washed cassette and unloading the wafers from the wafer washing section, a wafer transfer device the wafers in the wafer washing section, a cassette lifter for carrying the cassettes from the loader section to the cassette washing section, and a wire drive unit for carrying the cassettes in the cassette washing section.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter comprises an output generator for forming an output signal in response to application of a start signal; a comparator for comparing an analog signal, to be converted to a digital signal, with the level of the output signal formed by the output generator and for providing an output representing the time period from initiation of formation of the output signal to occurrence of a predetermined relation between the output signal and the analog signal; and a clock signal generator. The converter further comprises a digital computer that includes an output terminal from which the start signal is applied to the output generator and an input terminal for receiving the output from the comparator.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording apparatus including an image former for forming an electrostatic latent image, a device for developing the formed image, and a device for applying a bias voltage to the developer device in accordance with an identification as to whether the original relates to a character image or a half tone image. The bias voltage applying device includes first and second voltage generators for generating different bias voltages, and a selector device for selecting between the first and second generators. The bias voltage applying device is operable, during a developing time, to apply the selected bias voltage to the developer device, and during a non-developing time, to apply thereto a bias voltage different from the bias voltage applied during developing.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus for controlling, e.g., a fixing heater of a copying machine has a fuse resistor connected to the fixing heater through a power relay, a thermistor for detecting the surface temperature of a fixing roller heated by the fixing heater, abnormality timers for counting the ON time of the fixing heater and having different preset counts corresponding to different modes of the copying machine, and a control circuit for disconnecting the fuse resistor when the output from the thermistor indicates overheating or the ON time of the heater exceeds the preset count of the timer. Overheating of the heater is prevented with high reliability.

Abstract: A recording apparatus in which a control unit utilizes a copy counter for plural purposes. The control unit also achieves other features such as securer jam detection, a constant operation regardless of the frequency of commercial power supply, securer timing and temperature control with limited number of sensors.

Abstract: An image forming device constracted with an image forming device, a memory device to store therein a plurality of programs for stable control of an image quality, and a device for selecting and executing one of the programs stored in the memory device. The image forming device is further provided with a humidity detection device, a temperature control device, and a control device to effect potential control.

Abstract: There is disclosed an image forming apparatus capable of compensating for fluctuations in the image forming conditions thereby ensuring optimum image formation.The image forming apparatus is provided with a control for modifying outputs from a processor for image formation when the length of pause in the image formation operation of the processor exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: An image forming device constructed with an image forming device, a memory device to store therein a plurality of programs for stable control of an image quality, and a device for selecting and executing one of the programs stored in the memory device. The image forming device is further provided with a humidity detection device, a temperature control device, and a control device to effect potential control.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus has detection signal generator for generating an analog detection signal, reference signal generator for generating an analog reference signal of a reference level, A/D converter for converting the analog signal into a digital signal, and controller for causing the detection signal to be input to the A/D converter and putting out a desired control signal and for causing the reference signal to be input to the A/D converter and determining the then magnitude of the digital signal to thereby detect abnormality of the A/D converter.

Abstract: The invention provides an image formation apparatus having a photosensitive drum, primary and secondary chargers which are controlled by first and second high voltage transformers, respectively, a predischarge charger controlled by a predischarge high voltage transformer, a transfer charger controlled by a transfer high voltage transformer, an exposure lamp controlled by a light control circuit, a developing roller which receives a controlled bias voltage from an AC developing bias circuit, a surface potentiometer, and a microprocessor. In preliminary exposure, an original is exposed to light to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum. The potential of this latent image is measured by the surface potentiometer so as to detect the potential of the original. Based on the potential of the original and hence a detected density of an image of the original, image formation conditions such as a development bias voltage, corona charge, and an original exposure voltage are corrected.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording apparatus has a sensor for detecting a surface potential of a photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed and a controller for controlling a developing bias voltage in accordance with the detected surface potential. The developing bias voltage includes an A.C. component and a D.C. component which are selectively used in accordance with a latent image potential. The frequency of the A.C. developing bias and the magnitude of the D.C. developing bias are variable so that an optimum quality of image is reproduced.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus reproduces both an image of a text and a continuous tone image such as a photograph with excellent gradation. The AC bias voltage to be applied to a developing roller is controlled stepwise or continuously in accordance with the spatial frequency of an original.

Abstract: A surface potentiometer comprises a measuring electrode, a chopper for intermittently shielding the electric field between the measuring electrode and an object to be measured, a preamplifier circuit for converting an AC signal induced in the measuring electrode into a low impedance signal, and a printed substrate having the wiring pattern of the preamplifier circuit formed on one surface thereof and the electrode pattern of the measuring electrode formed on the other surface thereof.