Abstract: The present invention was made in view of the conventional art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gel cleansing agent that has a pH of 7.5 or lower and is excellent in foaming property. The gel cleansing agent comprises: 2 to 11% by mass of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylate; 0.5 to 3% by mass of xyloglucan; and 0.2 to 3% by mass of a cationized xanthan gum, and the pH of 1% aqueous solution is 7.5 or lower.

Abstract: A composition for forming an antireflection coating, characterized in that it comprises an organic solvent and, dissolved therein, (A) a ladder silicone copolymer containing (a1) 10 to 90 mole % of a (hydroxyphenylalkyl)silsesquioxane unit, (a2) 0 to 50 mole % of a (alkoxyphenylalkyl)silsesquioxane unit and (a3) 10 to 90 mole % of an alkyl or phenylsilsesquioxane unit, (B) an acid generator generating an acid upon exposure to heat or light, and (C) a crosslinking agent, and is capable of forming an antireflection coating exhibiting an optional parameter (k value) for an ArF laser of the range of 0.002 to 0.95. The composition is soluble in an organic solvent, can be applied by a conventional spin coating method with ease, has good storage stability, and can exhibit an adjusted preventive capability for reflection through the introduction of a chromophoric group absorbing a radiation ray thereto.

Abstract: A composition for forming an antireflection coating, characterized in that it comprises an organic solvent and, dissolved therein, (A) a ladder silicone copolymer containing (a1) 10 to 90 mole % of a (hydroxyphenylalkyl)silsesquioxane unit, (a2) 0 to 50 mole % of a (alkoxyphenylalkyl)silsesquioxane unit and (a3) 10 to 90 mole % of an alkyl or phenylsilsesquioxane unit, (B) an acid generator generating an acid upon exposure to heat or light, and (C) a crosslinking agent, and is capable of forming an antireflection coating exhibiting an optional parameter (k value) for an ArF laser of the range of 0.002 to 0.95. The composition is soluble in an organic solvent, can be applied by a conventional spin coating method with ease, has good storage stability, and can exhibit an adjusted preventive capability for reflection through the introduction of a chromophoric group absorbing a radiation ray thereto.

Abstract: A chemical-amplification type silicone-based positive-working resist composition that can be prepared from compounds of good availability as the base materials through simple means and can provide a bilayer resist material from which a fine pattern of high resolution, high aspect ratio, desirable cross-sectional profile and low line edge roughness can be formed. In particular, a chemical-amplification type positive-working resist composition comprising an alkali soluble resin (A) and a photoacid generator (B) wherein a ladder-type silicone copolymer comprising (hydroxyphenylalkyl)silsesquioxane units (a1), (alkoxyphenylalkyl)silsesquioxane units (a2) and alkyl- or phenylsilsesquioxane units (a3) is used as the alkali soluble resin (A). The copolymer wherein, in the component (A), the units (a3) are phenylsilsesquioxane units is a novel compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a poly(disulfonyl diazomethane) compound as a class of novel compounds represented by the general formula R-SO2-C(N2)-SO2&Brketopenst; Z-SO2-C(N2)-SO2&Brketclosest; nR in which the subscript n is 1 to 5, each R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group and Z is a divalent hydrocarbon group. The invention also discloses a chemical-amplification positive-working photoresist composition which comprises the above mentioned poly(disulfonyl diazomethane) compound as the radiation-sensitive acid-generating agent in combination with a film-forming resin capable of being imparted with increased solubility in an aqueous alkaline solution by the interaction with an acid, such as a polyhydroxystyrene resin of which a part of the hydroxyl groups are substituted by acid-dissociable solubility-reducing groups, e.g., tert-butoxycarbonyl groups.

Abstract: Disclosed is a poly(disulfonyl diazomethane) compound as a class of novel compounds represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which the subscript n is 1 to 5, each R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group and Z is a divalent hydrocarbon group. The invention also discloses a chemical-amplification positive-working photoresist composition which comprises the above mentioned poly(disulfonyl diazomethane) compound as the radiation-sensitive acid-generating agent in combination with a film-forming resin capable of being imparted with increased solubility in an aqueous alkaline solution by the interaction with an acid, such as a polyhydroxystyrene resin of which a part of the hydroxyl groups are substituted by acid-dissociable solubility-reducing groups, e.g., tert-butoxycarbonyl groups.

Abstract: A fuel cell electrode having a catalyst layer comprising electroconductive particles carrying a catalytically active component and a binder on a water-repellent baked plate comprising a carbon paper comprising carbon fiber and an organic binder and polytetrafluoroethylene infiltrated into voids of said carbon paper, characterized in that the carbon fiber of said baked plate has at least 20 cutting edges per square millimeter, and said polytetrafluoroethylene is infiltrated into at least one of said cutting edges to render the plate flexible.