Abstract: A method includes acquiring an image in the vehicle after determining that the vehicle is in or approaching an enforced area, and enabling the vehicle occupancy to be determined by wirelessly sending the image or a value indicative of the vehicle occupancy to an occupancy determining system. Determining vehicle occupancy can include receiving a vehicle identifier obtained by a vehicle detection camera at an enforced area; using the vehicle identifier to determine an associated user; sending a query to an occupancy app residing on a device for the associated user, the device being located in a vehicle corresponding to the vehicle identifier and configured to obtain in-vehicle images; receiving, in response to the query, an image or a value indicative of the vehicle occupancy to determine the vehicle's occupancy; and sending an occupancy event to an enforcement agency associated with the enforced area.