Abstract: A method and a system for optimizing acquisition time and power consumption at a user equipment (UE) are provided. The method includes establishing, by the UE located at an initial location, a radio resource control (RRC) connection with a non-terrestrial network (NTN)-based public land mobile network (PLMN), determining a current location of the UE based on one or more predetermined parameters, determining whether to perform a PLMN search for identifying a PLMN with a higher priority than connected NTN-based PLMN based at least on the initial location and the current location of the UE; and performing one of performing the PLMN search upon determining that a distance between the initial location and the current location of the UE is greater than a predetermined threshold distance value, or skipping the PLMN search upon determining that the distance between the initial location and the current location of the UE is less than the predetermined threshold distance value.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide a method for managing a priority of Visited Public Land Mobile Networks (VPLMNs) of a wireless communication network. The method includes receiving a registration accept message including steering of roaming (SoR) information from a VPLMN; in response to a security check of the SoR information being failed, adding the VPLMN to a SoR abort list including PLMNs where a registration was aborted due to SoR; and deleting the SoR abort list after a predetermined time period.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. Embodiments herein disclose a method for handling an UE (100) during an unavailability period in a wireless network (1000) by the UE (100). The method includes detecting that a network apparatus (700) in the wireless network (1000) supports for the unavailability period in a last registration procedure. Further, the method includes determining an event is triggered, where the event makes the UE to become 2024/101810 unavailable. Further, the method includes creating a REGISTRATION REQUEST message by including an information to indicate unavailability period that starts immediately. Further, the method includes setting a follow-on request indicator to “No follow-on request pending” and not include an uplink data status IE or an allowed PDU session status IE in the REGISTRATION REQUEST message. Further, the method includes sending the REGISTRATION REQUEST message to the network apparatus (700).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. The present disclosure relates to method and apparatus for managing forbidden tracking areas in communication network. The method comprises receiving, from an access and mobility function (AMF), a reject message including a rejection cause regarding an access to at least one network slice, wherein the UE is camped on a first tracking area of a plurality of tracking areas associated with a public land mobile network (PLMN), and wherein the rejection cause is based on an error indicating unavailability of the at least one network slice in the first tracking area; storing information of the first tracking area in a list of forbidden tracking areas for the UE; and recording the error while storing the information of the first tracking area in the list of forbidden tracking areas for the UE.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a fifth generation (5G) or sixth generation (6G) communication system. Embodiments herein disclose methods for maintaining priority of a VPLMN during a PLMN selection procedure by a UE. The method includes ignoring a pre-configured priority for a VPLMN and considering the VPLMN as a lowest priority in response to determining that the UE has entered a state and the second SOR information is not received before the UE enters the state or the received second SOR information security check is not successful. The method includes considering a priority of the VPLMN as the pre-configured priority by not considering the VPLMN as a lowest priority and stopping the timer associated with the “first SOR security check not successful” in response to determining that the UE receives the second SOR information and a second SOR security check is successful before the UE enters the state.

Abstract: A method and a system for selecting Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) in communication networks are provided. The method includes prioritizing a random terrestrial network (TN) over other NTNs, changing the scan pattern to accommodate combination of Bands, radio access technologies (RATS), and public land mobile networks (PLMNs), and pre-configuring PLMN priorities at the user equipment (UE).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. Specifically, the disclosure related to a method for handling unavailability period collision in a wireless network (1000) by a network apparatus (200). The method includes identifying that a collision occurs between a network slice specific authentication and authorization (NSSAA) procedure and a registration procedure. Further, the method includes in case that a registration request message for the registration procedure includes information on an unavailable period, aborting the NSSAA procedure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a system and a method for connection management. The method includes establishing, by a UE, a connection with a 5G cell. The established connection with the 5G cell is in a current tracking area of a 5G New Radio (NR). Further, the method includes determining, by the UE, one or more Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cells in the current tracking area or registration area that are not accessible to the UE (300). The one or more LTE cells are configured to operate on an LTE frequency. Furthermore, the method includes temporarily deprioritising or disabling, by the UE, a Stand Alone (SA) mode based on the determination of the one or more LTE cells in the current tracking area or the registration area that are not accessible to the UE.

Abstract: An example a method for managing paging restrictions in a wireless network includes detecting, by a UE, whether a first subscriber identity module (SIM) is configured for a dedicated data subscription (DDS). The method further includes detecting, by the UE, an occurrence of a trigger condition in connection with at least one of the first SIM and at least one second SIM and enabling, by the UE, a paging restriction to the at least one second SIM based on the occurrence of the predetermined trigger condition.

Abstract: A method of selecting access network for routing data of user equipment (UE) is provided. The method includes receiving trigger indicating a requirement of one or more network services. Further, the method includes determining that a UE is registered on a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access network and a non-3GPP access network simultaneously. The method includes identifying availability of one or more network services in the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network. Thereafter, the method includes selecting one of, the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP network, based on availability of one or more network services in one of, the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network, or selecting one of, the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP network based on one or more network parameters, when one or more network services are available in the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for cell reselection in a wireless communication system. The method comprises: determining whether a User Equipment (UE) is in an inactive mode supported by a serving cell and detecting a trigger for reselection of the serving cell for the UE, while the UE is in the inactive mode. The method further comprises identifying, based on the detection, a plurality of neighbouring cells available for being connected to the UE. The method also comprises selecting a first cell, from among the plurality of the neighbouring cells, that supports the inactive mode of the UE, for connecting with the UE.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a mobile communication system is provided. The method comprises receiving, from an access management function (AMF) entity via a base station, a configuration update command message in case that the UE supporting a multi universal subscriber identity module (MUSIM) feature is not registered for an emergency service, and disabling the MUSIM features based on the received configuration update command message. The configuration update command message includes registration result information indicating that the UE supporting the MUSIM features is registered for the emergency service.

Abstract: A method for optimizing a medium access control (MAC) padding and uplink (UL) grants in a wireless network is provided. The method includes transmitting buffer status report (BSR) to a network apparatus from at least one of a first MAC entity or a second MAC entity, receiving UL grants from the network apparatus based on a data volume requested in the BSR, transmitting UL transmission data from one of the first MAC entity or the second MAC entity to the network apparatus by MAC padding the UL transmission data based on the UL grants and the data volume, determining a set of padded bits of the UL transmission data one of the first MAC entity or the second MAC entity, and scaling the data volume to a scaled data volume be requested in a subsequent BSR at the at least one of the first MAC entity or the second MAC entity.

Abstract: A method for controlling, by a user equipment (UE), PDCP aggregation in a dual connectivity mode includes receiving a first Uplink (UL) data threshold value from a network; monitoring a throughput of a UL data of the UE and occurrence of at least one UL channel condition, wherein the at least one UL channel condition includes at least one of a network condition and a UE condition; determining whether to perform a calculation of a second UL data threshold value based on the occurrence of the at least one UL channel condition; calculating the second UL data threshold value based on a plurality of network parameters and a plurality of UE parameters, based on determining to perform the calculation of the second UL data threshold value; comparing an amount of the UL data with the second UL data threshold value; and controlling PCDP aggregation based on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and apparatuses for performing beam alignment. In some embodiments, a method of performing beam alignment by a user equipment (UE) of a wireless network, includes determining, by the UE based on a plurality of parameters associated with the UE, a first quality level of a connection of the UE in a first orientation and at a geographical location. The connection uses a first beam from at least one network entity of the wireless network. The method further includes determining, by the UE based on the first quality level, a second orientation from a plurality of orientations at the geographical location. The second quality level of the second orientation exceeds the first quality level. The method further includes changing, by the UE, an orientation of the UE from the first orientation to the second orientation.

Abstract: A method of beam-based communication amongst a plurality of network nodes comprises detecting, by a subject node, a presence of a first set of nodes for beam-based communication, and receiving a list of a second set of nodes from at least a first node of the first set of nodes. Further, the method includes identifying at least a second node in the second set of nodes that is not detectable for beam-based communication by the subject node. The method comprises generating a distance-based mapping including distance information relating to the first set of nodes and the second node, from the subject node. Further, the method comprises transmitting, via beam-based communication by the subject node, content to a destination node based on a communication path determined using the distance-based mapping, the destination node being a node of one of the first set of nodes and the at least second node.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. Embodiments herein disclose a wireless network and methods to maintain a MA PDU session at a NSACF entity. The method includes determining, by a SMF entity, that a PDU session is the MA PDU session based on an indication from a UE. Further, the method includes indicating, by the SMF entity, that the PDU session is the MA PDU session to the NSACF entity in response to determination. The wireless network may maintain the count accurately even though the PDU session is a MA PDU session.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) for optimizing a multi-access protocol data unit (MA-PDU) session is provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method performed by a UE in a wireless network, comprising performing a registration procedure indicating support of a first paging subgrouping; receiving, from an AMF, a negotiated PEIPS assistance information in a registration accept message during registration procedure; using a PEIPS assistance information; establishing an emergency PDU session over a first access network; stopping to use PEIPS assistance information; performing handover procedure of the emergency PDU session from first access network to a second access network; and in case that emergency PDU session is handed over from first access network to second access network, using PEIPS assistance information.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. Embodiments herein provide a method for handling timer expiry during an ongoing non-access stratum (NAS) procedure in a wireless network by a UE. The method includes detecting that a last running first timer is stopped or expired. Further, the method includes performing a deregistration procedure by sending a deregistration request message to a network entity in the wireless network when the last running first timer is stopped or expired. Further, the method includes starting a second timer. Further, the method includes determining that the deregistration procedure is not successful in first attempt. Further, the method includes aborting the ongoing deregistration procedure upon determining that the deregistration procedure is not successful in the first attempt. The method can be used to ensure that the UE registers over higher priority PLMN without any delay and extra signalling.