Abstract: A memory system includes a memory controller configured to write data in a first mode to a first block of a first area of a non-volatile memory. The first mode is a write mode for writing data with a first number of bits per memory cell. The memory controller is further configured to execute copy processing on the data written in the first mode to the first block, by writing system data written in the first block to a second block of the first area in the first mode and writing user data written in the first block to a third block of a second area of the non-volatile memory in the second mode. The second mode is a write mode for writing data with a second number of bits larger than the first number of bits per memory cell.

Abstract: This invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a peptide derived from a PACAP or VIP peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. This invention provides a PACAP/VIP derivative that can inhibit tautomerization in a solution and that can be applied to clinical applications over a long period of time. Such peptides are useful for ameliorating symptoms of diseases, such as regressive neurodegenerative diseases, erectile dysfunction, and bronchial asthma.

Abstract: This invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a peptide derived from a PACAP or VIP peptide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. This invention provides a PACAP/VIP derivative that can inhibit tautomerization in a solution and that can be applied to clinical applications over a long period of time. Such peptides are useful for ameliorating symptoms of diseases, such as regressive neurodegenerative diseases, erectile dysfunction, and bronchial asthma.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powder formulation that can be obtained by mixing fine particles containing powdery medicament and excipient and having an average particle diameter of not more than 20 &mgr;m with a carrier having an aerodynamically acceptable particle diameter. The formulation can be easily handled pharmaceutically, and can retain a constant medicament content because of improved dispersibility and flowability.