Abstract: A battery module includes a battery, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and a controller. The bidirectional DC-DC converter may convert a direct-current voltage output from the battery and thereafter output the direct-current voltage to a load. The controller is configured or programmed to perform constant voltage control of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and receive a stop warning signal providing advance notice that output of a power supply is to stop. The controller is configured or programmed to, before receiving the stop warning signal, perform control such that an output voltage of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is lower than a first target voltage, and, after receiving the stop warning signal and before the output of the power supply stops, increase the output voltage of the bidirectional DC-DC converter to the first target voltage or higher.

Abstract: A charge-discharge unit includes a discharge circuit, a charge-discharge circuit, wires respectively connecting the discharge circuit and the charge-discharge circuit to a load, and a unit controller to control the discharge circuit and the charge-discharge circuit. The unit controller is configured or programmed to control the discharge circuit and the charge-discharge circuit in a first mode or a second mode. In the first mode, the discharge circuit and the charge-discharge circuit are controlled such that the discharge circuit outputs to the load a current greater than zero, and the charge-discharge circuit outputs to a battery a current greater than zero. In the second mode, the discharge circuit is controlled to output to the load a current of a value greater than zero, and the charge-discharge circuit is caused to perform a charge termination operation of stopping the current outputted to the battery.

Abstract: A battery module includes a battery, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and a controller. The bidirectional DC-DC converter may convert a direct-current voltage output from the battery and thereafter output the direct-current voltage to a load. The controller is configured or programmed to perform constant voltage control of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and receive a stop warning signal providing advance notice that output of a power supply is to stop. The controller is configured or programmed to, before receiving the stop warning signal, perform control such that an output voltage of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is lower than a first target voltage, and, after receiving the stop warning signal and before the output of the power supply stops, increase the output voltage of the bidirectional DC-DC converter to the first target voltage or higher.