Abstract: An X-ray generating apparatus in which X-rays are emitted from laser plasma, the X-ray generating apparatus including a strong magnetic field generating device for generating a magnetic field component substantially parallel with the target surface in the vicinity of the laser plasma. The magnetic field component is arranged to generate a magnetic force which acts directly on charged particles in the laser plasma to bend the tracks of the charged particles, causing the charged particles to be confined in a magnetic field formed by the magnetic field component. The magnetic flux of the strong magnetic field is directed to a direction which is different from the direction in which the laser plasma is generated. An X-ray supply object is disposed in the laser plasma generating direction. Charged particles, liable to be directed to the X-ray supply object, are mainly confined in the strong magnetic field.

Abstract: Lens systems are disclosed having multiple focal lines and that are operable to form multiple narrow superimposable focal lines. The focal lines typically have linewidths of .ltoreq. approximately 10 .mu.m, formed from an incident light flux from a laser. The superimposed focal lines can have sufficient energy density to serve as a pumping-laser source for an X-ray laser. The lens systems comprise, axially from the incident light side, a wave-surface splitter and a focusing system. The wave-surface splitter splits the wave surface of the incident light into subfluxes. The focusing system focuses the subfluxes into respective linear focal lines that can be superimposed to form a combined focal line having very high energy density. The wave-surface splitter is preferably a prism having multiple facets with respective prism angles; the focusing system preferably comprises multiple cylindrical lenses each having a generation line perpendicular to the ridge lines separating the facets of the prism.

Abstract: An X-ray microscope utilizing X-rays radiating from a laser-irradiated target so as to form an X-ray image of a specimen placed in a sample cell, the X-ray microscope includes a target for radiating X-rays when the same is irradiated with a laser beam, a sample cell for housing a specimen, the sample cell provided near the surface of target placed opposite to where the target is irradiated with the laser beam, and a detector for forming an X-ray image of the specimen by X-ray penetration, wherein the target, the sample cell and the detector are unified in a unit. The unit is placed at a place where the laser beam is irradiated to the target. A spacer is provided between the target and the sample cell, wherein the size of the spacer is determined depending on a distance between the specimen and the target. With this construction, this facilitates the fabrication of the unit.

Abstract: An X-ray generating apparatus generates X-rays from plasma formed by irradiating a laser beam to a target. The apparatus includes an X-ray transmitting film disposed at at least one side of the target with a predetermined gap provided therebetween. The X-ray transmitting film has a thickness such that the film is not broken due to an action in the X-ray generating process. The X-rays are taken out through the X-ray transmitting film. An X-ray microscope can employ such an X-ray generating apparatus, with the X-rays from the apparatus being guided to the sample, with the sample to be observed being disposed in the vicinity of the X-ray transmitting film, and with a detecting device for detecting an X-ray image formed by X-rays transmitted through the sample.

Abstract: Synthetic resin structural members are inserted into a hollow joint member to abut each other in the joint member. A bearing-pressure damping member is fitted into each of bolt holes on the members, axes of bolts extend alternately in two mutually perpendicular directions. The structural members and the hollow joint member are secured with bolts and nuts. Due to damping action resulting from elastic deformations of the damping members, a load is substantially evenly distributed over the whole bolts to prevent concentration of the load to some of the bolts. The arrangement of the bolts with their axes extending alternately in two mutually perpendicular directions will shorten the length of the joint member.

Abstract: A method for joining a structural member made of a synthetic resin such as fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) with a further synthetic resin or other structural member. The method is effective when using synthetic resin members instead of conventional lumber or steel members in a main framework of a cooling tower. FRP members increase the corrosion resistance and simplify the assembly of such towers.

Abstract: Flexible pen nib (20) for writing instruments includes a rod-like nib body having inner capillary channels (24) for passing ink therethrough. This nib body is a porous rubber-like elastic body having composite-fiber textures obtained by combining a number of longitudinally oriented crimped polyamide fibers (21), with synthetic resin elastomer (22). Those composite-fiber textures form, within the cross-section of the pen nib, random-shaped elements (23) which are arranged in a uniformly random aggregation leaving the capillary channels (24). The capillary channels (24) have an orientation in the axial direction of the pen nib, and provide the pen nib with a predetermined porosity.

Abstract: Pen point for writing instruments which is a rod-shaped wick composed of synthetic resin filaments and in which narrow slots defined by said filaments extend longitudinally in said wick and form ink passageways, comprising in the cross-section(a) a circular portion to form the outer periphery portion of the pen point,(b) a plurality of stem portions projecting inwardly from the inner periphery portion of said circular portion and being arranged at a moderate distance with one another,(c) branches projecting laterally from at least two stem portions, said stem portions and branch portions being constituted with a plurality of connected monofilaments, each having same or different diameter,(d) standing tree-formed projections consisting of said stem portions and said branch portions, which are arranged in a fold axis symmetry against the center of the pen point, and(e) the above described projections being mutually crossed or the above described projections and the above described stem portions are crossed to f

Abstract: Pen point for writing instrument comprising a cylindrical article composed of united thermoplastic synthetic resin monofilaments, said cylindrical article being provided with an even number of more than 4 of radial curved narrow slots having capillary action and extending toward the center of the cylindrical article from the inside of the outer periphery, which are confined by triangular projected segments, top of which segment is circular and side walls of said radial curved narrow slot being formed by a plurality of semicircles, which are arranged so that the semicircles in the opposite side walls are engaged with each other under writing pressure.

Abstract: Pen point for writing instruments which is a rod-shaped wick composed of synthetic resin filaments and in which narrow slots defined by said filaments extend longitudinally in said wick and form ink passageways, comprising in the cross-section(a) a circular portion to form the outer periphery portion of the pen point,(b) a plurality of stem portions projecting inwardly from the inner periphery portion of said circular portion and being arranged at a moderate distance with one another,(c) branches projecting laterally from at least two stem portions, said stem portions and branch portions being constituted with a plurality of connected monofilaments, each having same or different diameter,(d) standing tree-formed projections consisting of said stem portions and said branch portions, which are arranged in a fold axis symmetry against the center of the pen point, and(e) the above described projections being mutually crossed or the above described projections and the above described stem portions are crossed to f