Abstract: A grindstone that enables grinding, polishing, super-finish polishing by using the same grindstone, without clogging even if the grindstone is being used continuously, in which a grinding/polishing section for processing a workpiece has a honeycomb structure formed by arranging polygonal prisms with no clearance therebetween. The grindstone includes the grindstone columns consisting of abrasive grains and binder and having an axis in depth direction of grinding/polishing surface, which are disposed on intersections or wall portions of the honeycomb structure. Porous elastomer is disposed inside the honeycomb structure, thus making it possible to perform a super-finish polishing.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a grindstone and a grinding/polishing device using same with which, in addition to it being possible to perform the three processes of rough processing, lapping, and polishing with the same device: double-sided processing is also possible; processing rate does not decrease even when used continuously; and dressing can be omitted. [Solution] A grindstone for grinding/polishing workpieces, the grindstone being characterized in comprising multiple grindstone pillars, which are obtained from a binding agents and abrasive grains for grinding/polishing the workpieces and disposed in parallel with an axis (L) in the depth direction of the grinding/polishing surface, and the grindstone matrix integrally formed with the grindstone pillars, and a grinding/polishing device using said grindstone.

Abstract: A grindstone that enables grinding, polishing, super-finish polishing by using the same grindstone, without clogging even if the grindstone is being used continuously, in which a grinding/polishing section for processing a workpiece has a honeycomb structure formed by arranging polygonal prisms with no clearance therebetween. The grindstone includes the grindstone columns consisting of abrasive grains and binder and having an axis in depth direction of grinding/polishing surface, which are disposed on intersections or wall portions of the honeycomb structure. Porous elastomer is disposed inside the honeycomb structure, thus making it possible to perform a super-finish polishing.

Abstract: A conveying pad, a conveying apparatus and a conveying method using the conveying pad, capable of exactly attracting and fixing an object placed on a part of a conveying surface or levitating the object, by virtue of an attracting force or levitating force of the conveying pad. The conveying pad is made of a porous substrate communicated with a large number of pores, and by depressurizing or pressurizing the back surface of the conveying pad, an object W placed on the front surface of the conveying pad is attracted or levitated, thus satisfying a relational equation between an area ratio a of the object covering the surface of the conveying pad and a conductance ratio ?.

Abstract: A noncontact conveying apparatus and a noncontact conveying system, which moves object from a conveying path to a predetermined position without using another device, and conveys the object in a noncontact manner without causing the object to fall down even if the conveying path is inclined. The system includes a holding device for holding an object in a noncontact manner and moving device for moving holding device. The holding device includes a levitating device for levitating the object and an attracting device for attracting the object. The levitating device includes conveying plate made of a porous material having a large number of pores, a compressor for sending gas to the conveying plate's pores and ejecting gas from the pores towards the object. The moving device is constituted by the magnetic material and the magnet for moving the object in a noncontact manner while attracting the object towards the conveying plate.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a grindstone and a grinding/polishing device using same with which, in addition to it being possible to perform the three processes of rough processing, lapping, and polishing with the same device: double-sided processing is also possible; processing rate does not decrease even when used continuously; and dressing can be omitted. [Solution] A grindstone for grinding/polishing workpieces, the grindstone being characterized in comprising multiple grindstone pillars, which are obtained from a binding agents and abrasive grains for grinding/polishing the workpieces and disposed in parallel with an axis (L) in the depth direction of the grinding/polishing surface, and the grindstone matrix integrally formed with the grindstone pillars, and a grinding/polishing device using said grindstone.

Abstract: Provided are a composite wear-resistant member which can be manufactured with a lowered sintering temperature, and thus can prevent the carbonization of a material around super hard particles such as diamond; and a method for manufacturing the member. The member, characterized in that it comprises hard particles comprising diamond particles and WC particles and an iron group metal containing phosphorus as a binding material, wherein the content of phosphorus is 0.01 to 2.0 wt % relative to the total weight of the WC particles and the binding material.

Abstract: Provided are a composite wear-resistant member which can be manufactured with a lowered sintering temperature, and thus can prevent the carbonization of a material around super hard particles such as diamond; and a method for manufacturing the member. The member, characterized in that it comprises hard particles comprising diamond particles and WC particles and an iron group metal containing phosphorus as a binding material, wherein the content of phosphorus is 0.01 to 2.0 wt % relative to the total weight of the WC particles and the binding material.

Abstract: A process of producing a carbonized material, which includes a step of treating the biomass with a microwave for a period of time sufficient to carbonize an inner region thereof but insufficient to carbonize an outer region thereof, thereby obtaining a partly carbonized product, a step of contacting the partly carbonized product with an oxidizing gas for a period of time sufficient to carbonize the outer region, thereby obtaining a completely carbonized product, and a step of cooling the completely carbonized product in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: An abrasive-particle grinder and a method of manufacturing the grinder, in which the bonding force between super-abrasive particles and a binder is enhanced, attrition of the binder during a grinding process is increased, and physical properties of the grinder are improved. The grinder comprises super-abrasive particles as grinding particles and metal powder as a binder. The binder is formed into a porous body and then at least the surface thereof is denatured to ceramic. Protrusion of the abrasive particles is first controlled and then grip of the abrasive particles is controlled.

Abstract: A process of producing a carbonized material, which includes a step of treating the biomass with a microwave for a period of time sufficient to carbonize an inner region thereof but insufficient to carbonize an outer region thereof, thereby obtaining a partly carbonized product, a step of contacting the partly carbonized product with an oxidizing gas for a period of time sufficient to carbonize the outer region, thereby obtaining a completely carbonized product, and a step of cooling the completely carbonized product in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous ultrafine grinder including ultrafine abrasive grains of diamond or cubic boron nitride having an average grain size of 60 .mu.m or less, and a binder which can form a fused phase by fusion with the ultrafine abrasive grains under heating. The binder is a porous material having continuous pores, and the fused phase formed in the interface of the binder and the ultrafine abrasive grains has a thickness of 1.5 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: A porous iron system metal bond diamond grinder using diamond as grinding particles and iron system metal powder as binder so as to have a large number of pores in the binder. The grinding particles are chemically and physically combined with the iron system metal to be held. The occupancy rate of pores in the whole grinder is 5 to 60%. The iron system metal is selected from a group composed of mixtures of iron powder, carbon-coated iron powder, iron nitride powder, carbon and iron. Carbon of diamond constituting the grinding particles is reacted to the iron system metal in the surface. In the manufacturing method, grinding particles and binder are mixed and molded into a predetermined shape and the molded product is then heated and sintered at 900.degree. to 1150.degree. C. The occupancy rate of pores and/or the concentration gradient of diamond are adjusted. The porous iron system metal bond diamond grinder capable of performing grinding continuously for a long time without loading can be provided.

Abstract: A pressure medium composed of plural kinds of fluids each of which have a different density is charged in a pressure chamber forming, for example, fluid layers. A material is suspended by way of buoyancy brought by this pressure medium. By properly controlling the density of the pressure medium of plural kinds of fluids, various kinds of materials having different densities can be supported in a suspending state at an almost constant pressure. The apparatus and the method processes the material under a state of compensated-gravitation, and is capable of forming an easy-handling weightless state for a long period of time at low cost in a simple manner for ease of handling of the material being processed and can contribute to developing useful materials and novel materials and to the supplying of them in bulk.

Abstract: For evaluating mechanical properties of ceramics such as silicon nitride in a nondestructive manner, a specific heat of ceramic test samples to be evaluated is measured at a temperature not higher than room temperature. A comparison is made between a measured value of the specific heat of the test sample and a known value of a specific heat of a ceramic reference sample at the same temperature not higher than room temperature. The comparison, permits making conclusions regarding the mechanical properties of the ceramic test samples based on the known mechanical properties of the ceramic reference sample. The creep strength is given as one example of the mechanical properties that may be ascertained by a nondestructive inspection that may be part of a production line, whereby the mechanical properties of the individual ceramic products may be guaranteed in practice.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for modifying a ceramic and/or metallic porous material having open cells necessary for the material to serve the function of gas diffusing materials, filters or the like. The porous material is subjected to hot isostatic pressing at a temperature at which the base portion of the porous material softens or melts to compact or homogenize the base portion.