Abstract: An impeller, a turbine, and a stator form a torus of a torque converter. A elliptic ratio L/H of an axial length L of the torus to a radial height H of the torus is 0.72 or smaller. A diameter ratio (D2/D1) of an inner diameter D2 of the torus to an outer diameter D1 of the torus is 0.45 or greater. The impeller includes an impeller core, and an impeller axial length ratio (Lp/D1) of an axial length Lp of the impeller core to the outer diameter D1 of the torus is in a range between 0.030 to 0.045. The turbine includes a turbine core, and an turbine axial length ratio (Lt/D1) of an axial length Lt of the turbine core to the outer diameter D1 of the torus is in a range between 0.021 to 0.029.

Abstract: An impeller, a turbine, and a stator form a torus of a torque converter. A elliptic ratio L/H of an axial length L of the torus to a radial height H of the torus is 0.72 or smaller. A diameter ratio (D2/D1) of an inner diameter D2 of the torus to an outer diameter D1 of the torus is 0.45 or greater. The impeller includes an impeller core, and an impeller axial length ratio (Lp/D1) of an axial length Lp of the impeller core to the outer diameter D1 of the torus is in a range between 0.030 to 0.045. The turbine includes a turbine core, and an turbine axial length ratio (Lt/D1) of an axial length Lt of the turbine core to the outer diameter D1 of the torus is in a range between 0.021 to 0.029.

Abstract: A torque converter is provided to improve the transmission efficiency of a torque converter having a low flatness ratio. An impeller 21, a turbine 22, and a stator 23 constitute a torus. The flatness ratio of the torus, which is the ratio of the axial length L to the radial length H (L/H), is less than 0.8 and the impeller 21 has at least thirty-seven impeller blades 27 on the side facing the turbine 22.

Abstract: In a torque converter provided with a lockup device, performance of a torsion spring is improved, preferably by increasing its size, while suppressing an increase of an axial dimension of the torque converter. The torque converter includes a toric fluid actuating portion having an impeller, a turbine, and a stator. A ratio (D2/D1) of an inside diameter D2 to an outside diameter D1 of the fluid actuating portion is equal to or greater than 0.61.

Abstract: A torque converter 1 equipped with a lockup device 8 is provided to secure sufficient space in the axial direction for the damper in a hydraulic torque transmitting device provided with a lockup device having a damper. Lockup device 8 is disposed between a front cover 4 and a turbine 6. Lockup device 8 has a clutch mechanism 31 for mechanically coupling front cover 4 and turbine 6 and a damper mechanism 32 for absorbing and attenuating torsional vibrations. In the vicinity of its outlet, turbine 6 has a linearly shaped part 62 that is aligned with damper mechanism 32. As a result, the axial dimensions of torsion springs 52 can be enlarged.

Abstract: In a torque converter provided with a lockup device, performance of a torsion spring is improved, preferably by increasing its size, while suppressing an increase of an axial dimension of the torque converter. The torque converter includes a toric fluid actuating portion having an impeller, a turbine, and a stator. A ratio (D2/D1) of an inside diameter D2 to an outside diameter D1 of the fluid actuating portion is equal to or greater than 0.61.

Abstract: A torque converter 1 equipped with a lockup device 8 is provided to secure sufficient space in the axial direction for the damper in a hydraulic torque transmitting device provided with a lockup device having a damper. Lockup device 8 is disposed between a front cover 4 and a turbine 6. Lockup device 8 has a clutch mechanism 31 for mechanically coupling front cover 4 and turbine 6 and a damper mechanism 32 for absorbing and attenuating torsional vibrations. In the vicinity of its outlet, turbine 6 has a linearly shaped part 62 that is aligned with damper mechanism 32. As a result, the axial dimensions of torsion springs 52 can be enlarged.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copper-based catalyst with high activity and a long catalyst life and to a method of producing the catalyst. This catalyst essentially comprises copper oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon oxide and optionally containing zirconium oxide, gallium oxide, and palladium oxide, wherein with the total weight of the catalyst being taken as 100%, the above oxides account for, in the order mentioned, 20-60 weight %, 10-50 weight %, 2-10 weight %, 0.3-0.9 weight %, 0-40 weight %, 0-10 weight %, and 0-10 weight %, respectively, and the silicon oxide mentioned above has been derived from colloidal silica or dissolved silica in water, which catalyst has been subjected to calcination at 480-690.degree. C.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing unnecessary matter formed on an edge portion of a substrate without damaging a middle area of a top face of the substrate is provided. The substrate is supported on a stage which is in contact only with a bottom face of the substrate. An activated gas supply device is located opposed to the stage and includes a ring-shaped electrode and a cover electrode surrounding the ring-shaped electrode. The cover electrode includes a gas outlet formed therethrough. Activated species and excited molecules formed from an atmospheric plasma are blown against the edge portion of the substrate through the gas outlet. The activated species and excited molecules and unnecessary matter removed form the edge portion of the substrate through reaction with the activated species and excited molecules, is exhausted along a side face of the edge portion of the substrate and away from the middle area through an exhausting device.

Abstract: A warp prevention structure for a printed circuit board, capable of serving also to perform the slack handling of cables. The warp prevention structure includes a first warp prevention fitting mounted on the printed circuit board in the vicinity of an upper edge thereof so as to extend along the upper edge, and a second warp prevention fitting mounted on the printed circuit board in the vicinity of a lower edge thereof so as to extend along the lower edge. Each of the first and second warp prevention fittings is integrally formed with a plurality of cable holders arranged at equal intervals.

Abstract: A box-shaped rack forming an electronic device housing has a plurality of guide grooves for guiding upper and lower edges of electronic circuit packages. A plurality of dummy surface plates are pivotably mounted on a front opening portion of the rack and arranged side by side. Each dummy surface plate is biased by a spring, so that when the electronic circuit package is not inserted in the rack, the dummy surface plate is kept in abutment against the inner surface of the rack to shield a part of the front opening portion of the rack. When the electronic circuit package is inserted into the rack, the dummy surface plate is pushed by the electronic circuit package to pivot inward of the rack, and is finally replaced in position by the package surface plate mounted on the electronic circuit package. When the electronic circuit package is removed from the rack, the dummy surface plate is reversely pivoted to restore an original position and again shield the part of the front opening portion of the rack.

Abstract: A torque convertor having a tubular toroidal member constituted by a pump, a turbine and a stator is so dimensioned that sufficient room is provided to accommodate associated components without sacrificing performance standards. In particular, since the cross sectional area of the flow passage of the stator, wherein eddies tend to generate and power transmission loss due to fluid collision increases, is larger in proportions to the cross sectional area of either the pump or the turbine the fluid turbulence is reduced.

Abstract: Partial covers, made of flexible material such as rubber, are respectively attached to the nose, rails and tail of a surfboard so that the partial covers protect respectively the nose, rails and tail of the surfboard from damage. The partial covers for the rails are forced on manually and nonadhesively in the direction of an opening thereof. The partial covers for the nose and the tail may be forced on also manually and nonadhesively in the direction of openings therein. However, with or without such openings, the partial covers for the nose and the tail may each have a belt so that each belt fastens the partial covers to the nose and the tail respectively.

Abstract: A four link suspension system for a monocoque vehicle body, which comprises a pair of upper control arms and a pair of lower control arms adapted to swingably support a rigid axle housing encasing an axle shaft against the body. The body has a floor panel, and a pair of side members spaced from each other in a transverse direction of the body, are provided at both sides of the panel. A cross member is disposed between both side members with a distance from the floor panel and secured at its both ends to the side members. The upper control arms are disposed inside of the lower control arms, and each forward end of the upper control arms is pivoted to said cross member.