Abstract: An optical information carrier is presented. The information carrier comprises at least one active layer for recording/reading data in/from as a result of one- or multi-photon interaction; and at least one reference layer structure associated with said at least one active layer. The reference layer structure comprises at least one dielectric material and is different from that of the active layer in its optical properties with respect to one- or multi-photon interaction. Detection of light returned from the reference layer structure allows to control a process of focusing an optical beam onto an addressed recording plane in the active layer during at least one of the recording and reading processes.

Abstract: A process for producing geranylgeraniol is provided, which comprising the steps of subjecting a mixture of at least one ester derivative wherein one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule are in cis form represented by the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R represents an aromatic group which can be substituted with at least one substituent, or a higher aliphatic group having from 7 to 25 carbon atoms, and wavy lines, respectively, represent a state where each carbon-carbon double bond can be present in cis or trans form, and an ester derivative of the general formula (2): ##STR2## wherein R is as defined above, to crystallization to obtain the ester derivative of the formula (2) selectively, and hydrolyzing the thus obtained ester derivative.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone characterized by reaction between 2-methylnaphthalene and hydrogen peroxide and/or an organic peracid in a solvent comprising a carboxylic acid in the presence of a palladium compound and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone is provided wherein resorcinol and acetic acid are reacted in the presence of a proton acid catalyst while removing formed water.

Abstract: Sewing apparatus, uses plural sewing machines aligned in a row so that the feeding direction of the cloths to be sewn is parallel, each sewing machine having a bed with an upper surface, an arm with a base end part formed coupled to the bed and a needle location. Each base end part having a shape, when viewed orthogonal to the cloth feeding direction, which approximates a Z-form possessing a partition wall the upper surface of which is parallel to the upper surface of the bed. The relay sewing process of sewing the side ends of adjacent broad cloths in an overlapped state can be performed simultaneously on plural cloths arranged in the lateral direction.

Abstract: An electrically conductive adhesive, formed by polymerizing and cross-linking(a) a radically polymerizable ionic unsaturated monomer soluble in a mixture of a water-soluble polyhydric alcohol with water,(b) a trialkoxysilylalkyl (meth)acrylate represented by the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sup.2 an alkyl group of 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and n an integer of the value of 2 or 3, and(c) a (meth)acrylate represented by the general formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 denotes the same meaning as defined above, R.sup.3 hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m an integer of the value of 1 to 23, in the presence of(d) a water-soluble polyhydric alcohol and (e) water,(e) a method of producing the same, and an electrode comprising the same, are all disclosed.

Abstract: An electrically conductive adhesive, formed by polymerizing and cross-linking(a) a radically polymerizable ionic unsaturated monomer soluble in a mixture of a water-soluble polyhydric alcohol with water,(b) a trialkoxysilylalkyl (meth)acrylate represented by the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sup.2 an alkyl group of 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and n an integer of the value of 2 or 3, and(c) a (meth)acrylate represented by the general formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 denotes the same meaning as defined above, R.sup.3 hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m an integer of the value of 1 to 23, in the presence of(d) a water-soluble polyhydric alcohol and (e) water.

Abstract: A facsimile signal converter for converting an input facsimile signal into an output facsimile signal having a scanning line density different from that of the input facsimile signal. A table circuit is provided for developing white and black states of each output picture element of the output facsimile signal in correspondence to a predetermined number of combinations of states of reference picture elements and the geometric relation between the reference picture elements and the output picture elements. The reference picture element corresponds to at least one input picture element of the input facsimile signal adjacent to each output picture element of the output facsimile signal in consideration of a state of superimposing an input pattern on an output pattern indicated respectively by the input facsimile signal and the output facsimile signal.

Abstract: An organic halide (1) having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a halogenated hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1 may be a group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic radical, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be a group consisting of -CH.sub.2 OH or its esters; is produced by reacting an organic halide (2) having the formula: ##STR3## wherein X, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is the same as above, respectively; with the compound having the formula: ##STR4## wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is the same as above, respectively, in the presence of a cationic catalyst at the temperature of from -78.degree. C. to 80.degree. C.