Abstract: The invention relates to a Y-type zeolite having a modified faujasite structure, the intracrystalline structure of which includes at least one network of micropores, at least one network of small mesopores having an average diameter ranging from 2 to 5 nm, and at least one network of large mesopores having an average diameter range from 10 to 50 nm. The invention also relates to particles including such zeolites and to the use thereof in a method for processing crude oil, particularly as a hydrocracking catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Y-type zeolite having a modified faujasite structure, the intracrystalline structure of which includes at least one network of micropores, at least one network of small mesopores having an average diameter ranging from 2 to 5 nm, and at least one network of large mesopores having an average diameter range from 10 to 50 nm. The invention also relates to particles including such zeolites and to the use thereof in a method for processing crude oil, particularly as a hydrocracking catalyst.

Abstract: Effect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins by converting a syngas feedstream at a temperature within a range of from 300° C. to no more than 400° C. using a supported, iron-based catalyst under a total system pressure of at least 2 megapascals with a volumetric ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide of at least 3:1 with markedly lower coking rates than attainable at a total system pressure of less than 2 megapascals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Y-type zeolite having a modified faujasite structure, the intracrystalline structure of which includes at least one network of micropores, at least one network of small mesopores having an average diameter ranging from 2 to 5 nm, and at least one network of large mesopores having an average diameter ranging from 10 to 50 nm. The invention also relates to particles including such zeolites and to the use thereof in a method for processing crude oil, particularly as a hydrocracking catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of lower olefins by the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and catalysts as used therein, such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. By virtue of the invention, lower olefins can be formed from synthesis gas, with high selectivity, and low production of methane. The catalysts used herein comprise an ?-alumina support, and a catalytically active component that comprises iron-containing particles dispersed onto the support in at least 1 wt. %. The majority of the iron-containing particles is in direct contact with the ?-alumina and is well-distributed thereon. Preferably, the iron-containing particles have an average particle size below 30 nm, and most preferably below 10 nm. The supported catalysts not only show a high selectivity, but also a high catalyst activity and chemical and mechanical stability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of lower olefins by the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and catalysts as used therein, such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. By virtue of the invention, lower olefins can be formed from synthesis gas, with high selectivity, and low production of methane. The catalysts used herein comprise an ?-alumina support, and a catalytically active component that comprises iron-containing particles dispersed onto the support in at least 1 wt. %. The majority of the iron-containing particles is in direct contact with the ?-alumina and is well-distributed thereon. Preferably, the iron-containing particles have an average particle size below 30 nm, and most preferably below 10 nm. The supported catalysts not only show a high selectivity, but also a high catalyst activity and chemical and mechanical stability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of lower olefins by the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and catalysts as used therein, such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. By virtue of the invention, lower olefins can be formed from synthesis gas, with high selectivity, and low production of methane. The catalysts used herein comprise an ?-alumina support, and a catalytically active component that comprises iron-containing particles dispersed onto the support in at least 1 wt. %. The majority of the iron-containing particles is in direct contact with the ?-alumina and is well-distributed thereon. Preferably, the iron-containing particles have an average particle size below 30 nm, and most preferably below 10 nm. The supported catalysts not only show a high selectivity, but also a high catalyst activity and chemical and mechanical stability.

Abstract: Effect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins by converting a syngas feedstream at a temperature within a range of from 300° C. to no more than 400° C. using a supported, iron-based catalyst under a total system pressure of at least 2 megapascals with a volumetric ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide of at least 3:1 with markedly lower coking rates than attainable at a total system pressure of less than 2 megapascals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of lower olefins by the conversion of a feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and catalysts as used therein, such as a Fischer-Tropsch process. By virtue of the invention, lower olefins can be formed from synthesis gas, with high selectivity, and low production of methane. The catalysts used herein comprise an ?-alumina support, and a catalytically active component that comprises iron-containing particles dispersed onto the support in at least 1 wt. %. The majority of the iron-containing particles is in direct contact with the ?-alumina and is well-distributed thereon. Preferably, the iron-containing particles have an average particle size below 30 nm, and most preferably below 10 nm. The supported catalysts not only show a high selectivity, but also a high catalyst activity and chemical and mechanical stability.

Abstract: A method for converting a supported metal nitrate into the corresponding supported metal oxide comprises heating the metal nitrate to effect its decomposition under a gas mixture that contains nitrous oxide and has an oxygen content of <5% by volume. The method provides very highly dispersed metal oxide on the support material. The metal oxide is useful as a catalyst or as a catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A method for converting a supported metal nitrate into the corresponding supported metal oxide comprises heating the metal nitrate to effect its decomposition under a gas mixture that contains nitric oxide and has an oxygen content of <5% by volume. The method provides very highly dispersed metal oxide on the support material. The metal oxide is useful as a catalyst or as a catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a supported metal nitrate, suitable as a precursor for a catalyst or sorbent, includes the steps of: (i) impregnating a support material with a metal nitrate, (ii) optionally drying the impregnated material at low temperature, and (iii) exposing the impregnated material to a gas mixture comprising nitric oxide at a temperature in the range 0-150° C., to form a dispersed supported metal nitrate. The metal nitrate may subsequently be converted to the corresponding oxide by calcining the metal nitrate to effect its decomposition. Preferred metals are iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Y-type zeolite having a modified faujasite structure, the intracrystalline structure of which includes at least one network of micropores, at least one network of small mesopores having an average diameter ranging from 2 to 5 nm, and at least one network of large mesopores having an average diameter ranging from 10 to 50 nm. The invention also relates to particles including such zeolites and to the use thereof in a method for processing crude oil, particularly as a hydrocracking catalyst.

Abstract: A method for converting a supported metal nitrate into the corresponding supported metal oxide comprises heating the metal nitrate to effect its decomposition under a gas mixture that contains nitrous oxide and has an oxygen content of <5% by volume. The method provides very highly dispersed metal oxide on the support material. The metal oxide is useful as a catalyst or as a catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A method for converting a supported metal nitrate into the corresponding supported metal comprises heating the metal nitrate to effect its decomposition under a gas mixture that contains nitric oxide and has an oxygen content of <5% by volume. The method provides very highly dispersed metal oxide on the support material. The metal oxide is useful as a catalyst or as a catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbon and magnesium including composites, includes: a) contacting a carbon material including pores of which at least 30%, based on the total number of pores, have a pore diameter in the range 0.1 to 10×10?9 m with a molten metallic magnesium or magnesium alloy to obtain a intermediate composite; and b) cooling the intermediate composite to obtain a carbon and magnesium including composite. Also described is a carbon and magnesium including composite obtainable by the process of the invention, the use of a carbon and magnesium including composite obtainable by the process and a hydrogen storage system.

Abstract: A catalytic partial oxidation process for the preparation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from an organic feedstock, which process comprises contacting the organic feedstock and an oxygen-containing gas, in amounts giving an oxygen-to-carbon ratio of from 0.3 to 0.8, with a catalyst at a gas hourly space velocity in the range of from 100,000 to 10,000,000 Nl/kg/h, in which process the organic feedstock used is a feedstock containing hydrocarbons and/or oxygenates, which feedstock is liquid under conditions of standard temperature and pressure and has an average carbon number of at least 6.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the catalytic partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock. The process comprises contacting a feed mixture comprising the hydrocarbon feedstock and an oxygen-containing gas, which feed mixture also comprises nitrogen, with a catalyst capable of catalyzing the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon feedstock, wherein the feed mixture also comprises a sulfur-containing compound. This process allows sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks to be processed without first undergoing a sulfur removal treatment. Accordingly, a process for the preparation of carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprises subjecting the hydrocarbon feedstock in a first stage to a catalytic partial oxidation process as described above and subjecting at least a portion of the product of the first stage in a second stage to a desulfurization process.