Abstract: A method is provided for producing carbon dioxide by combusting a carbonaceous fuel with oxygen or with a gas mixture containing more than 25 mol % of oxygen obtaining a flue gas mixture, wherein the flue gas mixture is processed obtaining a secondary gas mixture containing carbon dioxide and oxygen, and wherein a part of the oxygen contained in the secondary gas mixture is catalytically reacted with a first auxiliary fuel in a reactor system comprising a series of multiple reactors, obtaining further carbon dioxide and water. A further part of the oxygen contained in the secondary gas mixture is catalytically reacted with a second auxiliary fuel in the reactor system. A corresponding apparatus is also described herein.

Abstract: A method is provided in which a carbon dioxide containing flue gas is provided by combusting a carbonaceous fuel in a high pressure steam generating unit using combustion air, and in which the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is at least partially captured and compressed in a carbon dioxide capture and compression unit having a carbon dioxide scrubber operated with an absorbing liquid which is regenerated using low pressure steam. The combustion air used in the high pressure steam generating unit is at least partially heated using sensible heat of the flue gas and/or the steam used for regenerating the absorption liquid of the carbon dioxide scrubber is at least partially generated using sensible heat of the flue gas. A corresponding system is also described herein.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing carbon dioxide by combusting a carbonaceous fuel with a oxygen or with a gas mixture containing more than 25 mol % of oxygen obtaining a flue gas mixture, wherein the flue gas mixture is processed obtaining a secondary gas mixture containing carbon dioxide and oxygen, and wherein a part of the oxygen contained in the secondary gas mixture is catalytically reacted with a first auxiliary fuel in a reactor system comprising a series of multiple reactors, obtaining further carbon dioxide and water. A further part of the oxygen contained in the secondary gas mixture is catalytically reacted with a second auxiliary fuel in the reactor system. A corresponding apparatus is also described herein.

Abstract: A method is provided in which a carbon dioxide containing flue gas is provided by combusting a carbonaceous fuel in a high pressure steam generating unit using combustion air, and in which the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is at least partially captured and compressed in a carbon dioxide capture and compression unit having a carbon dioxide scrubber operated with an absorbing liquid which is regenerated using low pressure steam. The combustion air used in the high pressure steam generating unit is at least partially heated using sensible heat of the flue gas and/or the steam used for regenerating the absorption liquid of the carbon dioxide scrubber is at least partially generated using sensible heat of the flue gas. A corresponding system is also described herein.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for providing a carbon monoxide rich gas product. Carbon dioxide gas is partially converted in an electrolyser to obtain carbon monoxide gas and oxygen gas. A gas mixture containing at least carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen is withdrawn from the electrolyser. At least a part of the gas mixture is introduced into a separation system to provide a first gas or gas mixture enriched in carbon dioxide and a second gas or gas mixture enriched in carbon monoxide. The first gas or gas mixture or a part thereof is reintroduced into the electrolyser which is operated at a conversion rate for carbon dioxide 20% to 40% below a maximum conversion rate for the electrolyser.

Abstract: Aluminum iron based alloys and methods for producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method for producing an aluminum iron based alloy includes melting an aluminum iron based alloy to form a melt. The aluminum iron based alloy includes iron at about 2.0 to about 7.5 weight percent, silicon at about 0.5 to about 3.0 weight percent, aluminum at about 86 to about 97.5 weight percent, and one or more of manganese, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, zirconium, cerium, erbium, magnesium, calcium, scandium, ytterbium, yttrium, or tantalum at about 0.05 to about 3.5 weight percent. The melt is solidified at about 105 degrees centigrade per second of faster to form particulates. The particulates are degassed at a degassing temperature of about 400 to about 500 degrees centigrade.

Abstract: Aluminum iron based alloys and methods for producing the same are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method for producing an aluminum iron based alloy includes melting an aluminum iron based alloy to form a melt. The aluminum iron based alloy includes iron at about 2.0 to about 7.5 weight percent, silicon at about 0.5 to about 3.0 weight percent, aluminum at about 86 to about 97.5 weight percent, and one or more of manganese, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, zirconium, cerium, erbium, magnesium, calcium, scandium, ytterbium, yttrium, or tantalum at about 0.05 to about 3.5 weight percent. The melt is solidified at about 105 degrees centigrade per second of faster to form particulates. The particulates are degassed at a degassing temperature of about 400 to about 500 degrees centigrade.

Abstract: Coupling apparatuses and methods of forming coupling apparatuses are provided herein. In an embodiment, a coupling apparatus includes a first component that includes a first metal substrate and a second component that includes a second metal substrate. The first metal substrate includes a titanium-based material. The second component is adapted to contact the first component in shear engagement. A protective coating is disposed on at least one of the first metal substrate or the second metal substrate. The protective coating consists of a first contact layer and, optionally, a diffusion barrier layer disposed between the first contact layer and the corresponding metal substrate. The first contact layer has a thickness of less than or equal to about 5 microns and includes material that is inert to titanium. The first contact layer has a contact surface that is adapted to directly contact an opposing surface in shear engagement.

Abstract: There is provided a method for fabricating a dual alloy structure that may in turn be machined to fabricate a rotary component such as an impeller for use in a gas turbine engine. The method provides a first titanium alloy and a second titanium alloy. The first titanium alloy displays characteristics, such as high strength, suitable for application in the bore area of an impeller. The second titanium alloy displays characteristics, such as high temperature creep resistance, suitable for use in the outer radial area of an impeller. A bore subelement is fabricated from the first titanium alloy. A body subelement is fabricated from the second titanium alloy. The bore subelement and body subelement are joined by inertia welding at a common welding surface. Each subelement and/or the resulting welded structure is heat treated to achieve a desired microstructure.

Abstract: There is provided a method for fabricating a dual alloy structure that may in turn be machined to fabricate a rotary component such as an impeller for use in a gas turbine engine. The method provides a first titanium alloy and a second titanium alloy. The first titanium alloy displays characteristics, such as high strength, suitable for application in the bore area of an impeller. The second titanium alloy displays characteristics, such as high temperature creep resistance, suitable for use in the outer radial area of an impeller. A bore subelement is fabricated from the first titanium alloy. A body subelement is fabricated from the second titanium alloy. The bore subelement and body subelement are joined by inertia welding at a common welding surface. Each subelement and/or the resulting welded structure is heat treated to achieve a desired microstructure.

Abstract: This invention relates to plant cells, plant tissues or plants transgenic for a nucleic acid encoding a puroindoline. This invention also relates to methods of producing such transgenic plant cells, plant tissues or plants. The transgenic plants produced by the methods of this invention are useful in reducing the damage caused by plant pests, especially plant pathogens such as fungi and bacteria.