Abstract: An authentication server can receive an electronic message transmitted by a sender. The electronic message can have an intended recipient and can include message data. A sender identification (“ID”) is embedded in the message data. The authentication server can generate a first message ID based on the message data that includes the sender ID. The first message ID can be determined to match a second message ID that is stored in a database. The sender ID can be determined to be different from an originator ID that is associated with the second message ID in the database. The authentication server can determine whether an originator associated with the originator ID has authorized the sender to transmit the message data and can determine whether to transmit the electronic message to the intended recipient based on whether the originator has authorized the sender to transmit the data.

Abstract: An authentication server can receive an electronic message transmitted by a sender. The electronic message can have an intended recipient and can include message data. A sender identification (“ID”) is embedded in the message data. The authentication server can generate a first message ID based on the message data that includes the sender ID. The first message ID can be determined to match a second message ID that is stored in a database. The sender ID can be determined to be different from an originator ID that is associated with the second message ID in the database. The authentication server can determine whether an originator associated with the originator ID has authorized the sender to transmit the message data and can determine whether to transmit the electronic message to the intended recipient based on whether the originator has authorized the sender to transmit the data.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a password management system may include a static password associated with a user ID, and a user-defined function associated with the user ID that generates a dynamic password from one or more parameters and the static password. The function may be reversible, and when a dynamic password is presented, the static password may be generated from the inverse function, the dynamic password, and the parameters. The generated static password may be compared to the static password associated with the user ID to determine if the correct password has been entered.

Abstract: In one embodiment, control-flow information comprising an indication of function execution order for an application may be generated using source code for the application. Function information for the application may be identified, the function information comprising an indication of an execution context for a function of the application. A model graph to test the application may be generated based on the control-flow information and the function information.