Abstract: The present invention includes a lightweight proppant comprising a composite comprising a polymer and clay or graphite, wherein the composite has a density at or about the density of water or brine and the composite maintains its integrity at downhole pressures and temperatures.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a polymer gel and method of making and using the same for use in high-permeability layers. This precision conformance control is accomplished by using paramagnetic nanoparticles and the application of the magnetic oscillation of prescribed frequency at the wellbore. If the polymer gel were created unintentionally at a certain layer, or there is a need to remove the gel blockage at the later stage of oil production, the gel could be broken and removed to restore the productivity from the layer.