Abstract: A platform identifies and matches software application programs for a business user based on his/her context such as industry, location, size, etc. by providing nuanced and personalized guidance for the business user to define the business problem and the capabilities needed to solve the problem. The platform permits use of custom dimensions to map software application programs to a business user's needs, fitment etc. to help him/her find a software program that matched to the business user's needs. The platform further harvest insights from a broad spectrum of inputs, such as thought leaders, to help a business user get insight on which software program best suits him/her. The platform provides a social platform for business users to collaborate and find the best software program for their needs.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods, systems and/or apparatuses relating to data processing in distributed computing environments are disclosed. In particular, methods, systems, and/or apparatuses for determining information similarly and/or performing related statistical techniques which may be implemented or operated in a distributed computing environment are disclosed.

Abstract: A text annotation structured storage system stores text annotations with associated type information in a structured data store. The present system persists or stores annotations in a structured data store in an indexable and queryable format. Exemplary structured data stores comprise XML databases and relational databases. The system exploits type information in a type system to develop corresponding schemas in a structured data model. The system comprises techniques for mapping annotations to an XML data model and a relational data model. The system captures various features of the type system, such as complex types and inheritance, in the schema for the persistent store. In particular, the repository provides support for path navigation over the hierarchical type system starting at any type.

Abstract: The World Wide Web (WWW) can be modelled as a labelled directed graph G(V,E,L), in which V is the set of nodes, E is the set of edges, and L is a label function that maps edges to labels. This model, when applied to the WWW, indicates that V is a set of hypertext documents or objects, E is a set of hyperlinks connecting the documents in V, and the edge-label function represents the anchor-text corresponding to the hyperlinks. One can find a probabilistic ranking of the nodes for any given label, a ranking of the labels for any given node, and rankings of labels and pages using flow based models. Further, the flows can be computing using sparse matrix operations.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for use in association with an online advertising auction. Advertiser bid information may be obtained, including a maximum amount per impression and a target click through rate (“CTR”). Following serving, if a delivered CTR is equal to or greater than the target CTR, then pricing per impression is at the maximum amount. If, however, the delivered CTR is less than the target CTR, then pricing per impression is at an amount equal to the maximum amount per impression multiplied by the ratio of the delivered CTR to the target CTR.

Abstract: Techniques are described for organizing structurally similar web pages for a website. Fingerprints are made of the structure of the web pages using shingling by placing the web page's HTML tags and attributes in sequence and encoding the tags and attributes using a standard encoding technique. Fixed-size portions of the encoded sequence are taken and a set of values extracted using independent hash functions to compute the shingles. Alternatively, a DOM tree representation of HTML of the web page is generated and each path of the DOM tree encoded and values extracted using independent hash functions to compute the shingles. A specified number of shingles are retained as the fingerprint. The pages are then clustered based upon the URL and the similarity of the shingles. The clustered hierarchal organization of pages is further pruned by various criteria including similarity of shingles or support of the cluster node in the hierarchy.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods, systems and/or apparatuses relating to data processing in distributed computing environments are disclosed. In particular, methods, systems, and/or apparatuses for determining information similarly and/or performing related statistical techniques which may be implemented or operated in a distributed computing environment are disclosed.

Abstract: Opinions about a topic are extracted from a corpus of text documents. Opinions are extracted based on rules defining regular expressions for parts-of-speech tags. Opinions are grouped based on their semantic orientation as favorable, unfavorable or neutral. A balanced and accurate assessment of sentiment towards a topic can thus be determined.

Abstract: A system and method to distribute computation for an exchange in which advertisers buy online advertising space from publishers. The exchange maintains submarkets, each containing a subset of the ad calls supplied by publishers and a subset of the offers and budgets representing demand from advertisers. Portfolio optimization techniques allocate the supply of ad calls from publishers over the submarkets, with the goal of maximizing profits for publishers while limiting the volatility of those profits. Portfolio optimization techniques allocate the demand from advertisers over the submarkets, with the goal of maximizing return on investment for advertisers. The exchange re-allocates supply and demand over submarkets periodically. Also, periodically, the most effective submarkets are replicated and the least effective submarkets are eliminated.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for selecting advertisements in an advertisement auction. A plurality of bids for an advertisement placement is received. An average expected payout for each bid of the plurality of bids is calculated to determine a plurality of average expected payouts. A plurality of possible allocations of the advertisements is determined. An expected revenue value for each of the possible allocations is calculated based on the calculated average expected payouts to generate a plurality of expected revenue values. A risk value is calculated for each of the possible allocations to generate a plurality of risk values. A bid of the plurality of bids is enabled to be selected based on the calculated expected revenue values and risk values.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating templates for electronic documents is provided. One or more attributes are extracted, using a seed template, from a first document, such as a web page. A second document that contains a particular attribute, extracted from the first document, is identified. The second document may be in a different cluster than the first document. The second document is annotated, using an extracted attribute, to create an annotated document. The second document is annotated without human intervention. A new template for the annotated document is generated. The new template facilitates extraction of information from the annotated document. The new template may be used to extract additional attributes from all documents in the cluster of documents of which the second document is a member. The process may continue over numerous iterations to generate a large number of templates in an automated fashion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards systems and methods for extending media annotations using collective knowledge. The method according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises receiving a plurality of content items and associated annotations. The method further normalizes the plurality of associated annotations and calculates pair frequencies for the plurality of associated annotations. The method then retrieves a plurality of alternative annotations and provides the plurality of alternative annotations.

Abstract: A decision tree may be determined that is a site map for a domain of web pages. A clustering of a plurality of web pages of a domain is determined, in an unsupervised fashion, based on content-related features of the plurality of web pages. Each determined cluster includes a plurality of web pages, each of the plurality of web pages characterized by a resource locator and each of the resource locators being characterized by at least one resource locator token. The clustering is processed to organize indications of the content-related features of the plurality of web pages into a decision tree characterized by a plurality of nodes, each node characterized by a feature and a value, the feature being at least one of the resource locator tokens and the value being a value of that resource locator token.

Abstract: Techniques are described for normalizing dynamic URLs using a hierarchical organization of a web site. Given web pages associated with a web site, an information extraction method is used to generate data structures that represent the content or structure of each of the web pages. These data structures are appended to the corresponding dynamic URLs. The modified URLs with the data structures are tokenized with the resulting tokens clustered to create a hierarchical organization. Nodes of the hierarchical organization may be merged based upon occurrence or patterns of content and structure. The merged hierarchical organization may then be pruned to remove irrelevant information and to reduce the memory footprint of the hierarchical organization. When a new dynamic URL is received, the new dynamic URL is matched to the hierarchical organization. Important parameters are taken into account and irrelevant information may be removed.

Abstract: A text annotation structured storage system stores text annotations with associated type information in a structured data store. The present system persists or stores annotations in a structured data store in an indexable and queryable format. Exemplary structured data stores comprise XML databases and relational databases. The system exploits type information in a type system to develop corresponding schemas in a structured data model. The system comprises techniques for mapping annotations to an XML data model and a relational data model. The system captures various features of the type system, such as complex types and inheritance, in the schema for the persistent store. In particular, the repository provides support for path navigation over the hierarchical type system starting at any type.

Abstract: Techniques are described for organizing structurally similar web pages for a website. Fingerprints are made of the structure of the web pages using shingling by placing the web page's HTML tags and attributes in sequence and encoding the tags and attributes using a standard encoding technique. Fixed-size portions of the encoded sequence are taken and a set of values extracted using independent hash functions to compute the shingles. Alternatively, a DOM tree representation of HTML of the web page is generated and each path of the DOM tree encoded and values extracted using independent hash functions to compute the shingles. A specified number of shingles are retained as the fingerprint. The pages are then clustered based upon the URL and the similarity of the shingles. The clustered hierarchal organization of pages is further pruned by various criteria including similarity of shingles or support of the cluster node in the hierarchy.

Abstract: A text annotation structured storage method stores text annotations with associated type information in a structured data store. The present system persists or stores annotations in a structured data store in an indexable and queryable format. Exemplary structured data stores comprise XML databases and relational databases. The method exploits type information in a type system to develop corresponding schemas in a structured data model. The method comprises techniques for mapping annotations to an XML data model and a relational data model. The method captures various features of the type system, such as complex types and inheritance, in the schema for the persistent store. In particular, the repository provides support for path navigation over the hierarchical type system starting at any type.

Abstract: A system and method for automated populating of an existing concept hierarchy of items with new items, using entropy as a measure of the correctness of a potential classification. User-defined concept hierarchies include, for example, document hierarchies such as directories for the Internet, library catalogues, patent databases and journals, and product hierarchies. These concept hierarchies can be huge and are usually maintained manually. An internet directory may have, for example, millions of Web sites, thousands of editors and hundreds of thousands of different categories. The method for populating a concept hierarchy includes calculating conditional ‘entropy’ values representing the randomness of distribution of classification attributes for the hierarchical set of classes if a new item is added to specific classes of the hierarchy and then selecting whichever class has the minimum randomness of distribution when calculated as a condition of insertion of the new data item.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and a method for mining a new kind of association rules called disjunctive association rules, where the antecedent or the consequent of a rule may contain disjuncts of terms (XY or X⊕Y). Such rules are a natural generalisation to the kind of rules that have been mined hitherto. Furthermore, disjunctive association rules are generalised in the sense that the algorithm also mines rules which have disjunctions of conjuncts (C(AB)(DE)). Since the number of combinations of disjuncts is explosive, we use clustering to find a generalized subset. The said clustering is preferably performed using agglomerative clustering methods for finding the greedy subset.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for automated populating of an existing concept hierarchy of items with new items, using entropy as a measure of the correctness of a potential classification. User-defined concept hierarchies include, for example, document hierarchies such as directories for the Internet (such as yahoo), library catalogues, patent databases and journals, and product hierarchies. These concept hierarchies can be huge and are usually maintained manually. An internet directory may have, for example, millions of Web sites, thousands of editors and hundreds of thousands of different categories.