Abstract: The present disclosure includes systems and methods for state of charge estimation. In one embodiment, the present disclosure includes a method comprising receiving a voltage corresponding to a state of charge of a battery, converting the voltage to an estimated state of charge using different algorithms across different ranges. In another embodiment, an offset state of charge is applied to a first state of charge to produce an estimated state of charge.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a circuit comprises a sensor providing a digital signal responsive to a battery voltage on a battery terminal of a battery. The sensor can be an analog-to-digital convertor. A processor is coupled to the sensor and is configured to calculate a state of charge of the battery based on the digital signal at a first time, the digital signal at a second time, and a stored battery profile of open circuit voltage as a function of state of charge at the second time.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes systems and methods for state of charge estimation. In one embodiment, the present disclosure includes a method comprising receiving a voltage corresponding to a state of charge of a battery, converting the voltage to an estimated state of charge using different algorithms across different ranges. In another embodiment, an offset state of charge is applied to a first state of charge to produce an estimated state of charge.

Abstract: The firmware may contain multiple application modules, which can operate independent of each other such that upgrade of one application module does not affect the operation of the other. A compressed backup copy of a module is stored in a non-volatile memory before upgrading the module from a previous version to a newer version. If the upgrading operation fails, the backup copy is used to restore the previous version. To simplify the upgrading or restoring operations, each application module may be assigned to a pre-specified area of a non-volatile memory forming a firmware. As a result, upgrading or restoring may merely require replacing of a version in the firmware. Compression of the backup copy may be optional with status data indicating whether the backup copy is compressed.

Abstract: Parameters characterizing physical operation of a rotating structure (disk drive) are determined by sending appropriate commands and examining the response. The measured parameters are then used to balance various requirements. For example, when starting retrieval of a data stream, a speed which leads to highest effective retrieval rate may be used such that the data elements are available quickly for use. On the other hand, in a playback mode (or a shock mode), a speed which consumes the lowest amount of electrical energy can be used.

Abstract: The firmware may contain multiple application modules, which can operate independent of each other such that upgrade of one application module does not affect the operation of the other. A backup copy of a module is stored in a non-volatile memory before upgrading the module from a previous version to a newer version. If the upgrading operation fails, the backup copy is used to restore the previous version. To simplify the upgrading or restoring operations, each application module may be assigned to a pre-specified area of a non-volatile memory forming a firmware. As a result, upgrading or restoring may merely require replacing of a version in the firmware.

Abstract: Parameters characterizing physical operation of a rotating structure (disk drive) are determined by sending appropriate commands and examining the response. The measured parameters are then used to balance various requirements. For example, when starting retrieval of a data stream, a speed which leads to highest effective retrieval rate may be used such that the data elements are available quickly for use. On the other hand, in a playback mode (or a shock mode), a speed which consumes the lowest amount of electrical energy can be used.