Abstract: Methods and systems are presented for providing a blockchain framework that enables different computer nodes of a blockchain network to collaborate in the processing a atomic transactions to be recorded on a blockchain. The atomic transaction can be associated with various inter-entity transactions where funds is transferred from an account of an entity to another account of another entity. The blockchain framework uses various smart contracts to process the postings associated with an inter-entity transaction such that different postings are processed by different nodes, and that the postings are processed together as a single atomic transaction to be recorded on the blockchain.

Abstract: The load level on a server system is regulated by determining time-to-live (TTL) values to provide to requesting devices that request a content resource from the server system, thereby affecting the frequency of subsequent requests. This dynamic determination of TTL values may provide resilience to system load, for example by using longer TTL values when the system is under greater load to reduce the rate at which subsequent requests are received. A dynamic TTL service may calculate a TTL value based on one or more factors, such as overall system load, resource load, hardware load, and/or software load.

Abstract: A method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that has a corresponding compressor map. A control system continually calculates an equivalent polytropic head parameter in order to define a surge limit line. The system then calculates a control parameter and determines the distance the control parameter to the surge limit line wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in gas compressibility and invariant to changes in suction conditions and gas compressibility. As a result of the distance of the control parameter to the surge limit line, the surge valve of a dynamic compressor is actuated to prevent surge.

Abstract: A method of preventing surge in a dynamic compressor is disclosed. The method includes providing an anti-surge valve having an adjustable opening for increasing the flow through a dynamic compressor. The next step is sensing process conditions in the dynamic control to determine a compressor load variable. A control system estimates a process disturbance model using the compressor load variable. The control system then adjusts a safety margin using a rate limited response and initiates a closed loop response using process feedback based on the process disturbance model. The control system adjusts the opening of the anti-surge valve according to the safety margin and closed loop response.

Abstract: Time to live (“TTL”) values are determined based on one or more factors. The TTL values may be included in responses to requests for resources, thereby affecting the frequency of subsequent requests. This dynamic determination of TTL values may provide resilience to system load, for example by using longer TTL values when the system is under greater load in order to reduce the rate at which subsequent requests are received. A dynamic TTL service may calculate a TTL value based on one or more factors, such as overall system load, resource load, hardware load, and/or software load. In various embodiments, a dynamic TTL service may act natively within a service, within a system framework, as a proxy, as a cluster, and/or as a broker.

Abstract: A method of correcting surge control parameters that includes providing a dynamic compressor having a compressor, driver, surge valve, and control system. The control system establishes surge control parameters such as surge detection lines, surge limit lines, and then detects the onset of a surge in the dynamic compressor. When the surge is detected the control system measures variables of the dynamic compressor such as fluid pressure, fluid speed, power, speed and valve position and based on these variables the control system automatically corrects the surge control parameters based on these variables at the time of the onset of the surge is detected. Advisory information is provided by control system to user for corrective actions to prevent surge.

Abstract: A method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that has a corresponding compressor map. A control system continually calculates an equivalent polytropic head parameter in order to define a surge limit line. The system then calculates a control parameter and determines the distance the control parameter to the surge limit line wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in gas compressibility and invariant to changes in suction conditions and gas compressibility. As a result of the distance of the control parameter to the surge limit line, the surge valve of a dynamic compressor is actuated to prevent surge.

Abstract: A method of preventing surge in a dynamic compressor is disclosed. The method includes providing an anti-surge valve having an adjustable opening for increasing the flow through a dynamic compressor. The next step is sensing process conditions in the dynamic control to determine a compressor load variable. A control system estimates a process disturbance model using the compressor load variable. The control system then adjusts a safety margin using a rate limited response and initiates a closed loop response using process feedback based on the process disturbance model. The control system adjusts the opening of the anti-surge valve according to the safety margin and closed loop response.

Abstract: A method of preventing surge in a dynamic compressor is disclosed. The method includes providing an anti-surge valve having an adjustable opening for increasing the flow through a dynamic compressor. The next step is sensing process conditions in the dynamic control to determine a compressor load variable. A control system estimates a process disturbance model using the compressor load variable. The control system then adjusts a safety margin using a rate limited response and initiates a closed loop response using process feedback based on the process disturbance model. The control system adjusts the opening of the anti-surge valve according to the safety margin and closed loop response.

Abstract: A method of correcting surge control parameters that includes providing a dynamic compressor having a compressor, driver, surge valve, and control system. The control system establishes surge control parameters such as surge detection lines, surge limit lines, and then detects the onset of a surge in the dynamic compressor. When the surge is detected the control system measures variables of the dynamic compressor such as fluid pressure, fluid speed, power, speed and valve position and based on these variables the control system automatically corrects the surge control parameters based on these variables at the time of the onset of the surge is detected. Advisory information is provided by control system to user for corrective actions to prevent surge.

Abstract: A method of preventing surge in a dynamic compressor is disclosed. The method includes providing an anti-surge valve having an adjustable opening for increasing the flow through a dynamic compressor. The next step is sensing process conditions in the dynamic control to determine a compressor load variable. A control system estimates a process disturbance model using the compressor load variable. The control system then adjusts a safety margin using a rate limited response and initiates a closed loop response using process feedback based on the process disturbance model. The control system adjusts the opening of the anti-surge valve according to the safety margin and closed loop response.

Abstract: A method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that has a corresponding compressor map. A control system continually calculates an equivalent polytropic head parameter in order to define a surge limit line. The system then calculates a control parameter and determines the distance the control parameter to the surge limit line wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in compressor load and invariant to changes in suction conditions and gas compressibility. As a result of the distance of the control parameter to the surge limit line, the surge valve of a dynamic compressor is actuated to prevent surge.

Abstract: A method of surge protection for a dynamic compressor that has a corresponding compressor map. A control system continually calculates an equivalent polytropic head parameter in order to define a surge limit line. The system then calculates a control parameter and determines the distance the control parameter to the surge limit line wherein the control parameter is dynamic to changes in compressor load and invariant to changes in suction conditions and gas compressibility. As a result of the distance of the control parameter to the surge limit line, the surge valve of a dynamic compressor is actuated to prevent surge.

Abstract: Many variables in processes such as those using turbocompressors and turbines must be limited or constrained. Limit control loops are provided for the purpose of limiting these variables. By using a combination of closed loop and open loop limit control schemes, excursions into unfavorable operation can be more effectively avoided. Transition between open loop and closed loop may be enhanced by testing the direction and magnitude of the rate at which the limit variable is changing. If the rate of change indicates recovery is imminent, control is passed back to the closed loop limit control function.

Abstract: Many variables in processes such as those using turbocompressors and turbines must be limited or constrained. Limit control loops are provided for the purpose of limiting these variables. By using a combination of closed loop and open loop limit control schemes, excursions into unfavorable operation can be more effectively avoided. Transition between open loop and closed loop may be enhanced by testing the direction and magnitude of the rate at which the limit variable is changing. If the rate of change indicates recovery is imminent, control is passed back to the closed loop limit control function.

Abstract: Many variables in processes such as those using turbocompressors and turbines must be limited or constrained. Limit control loops are provided for the purpose of limiting these variables. By using a combination of closed loop and open loop limit control schemes, excursions into unfavorable operation can be more effectively avoided. Transition between open loop and closed loop may be enhanced by testing the direction and magnitude of the rate at which the limit variable is changing. If the rate of change indicates recovery is imminent, control is passed back to the closed loop limit control function.

Abstract: Often, an application or process calls for multiple pumps operating within a piping network. Pump load, such as flow rate or pressure, is shared between these multiple pumps. The present disclosure relates to effective means of distributing the pumping load in a manner that satisfies the process requirements while keeping the pumping machinery safe from functioning in damaging operating regions. It also discloses a method of operating pumps in an efficient or optimal fashion. An additional aspect is a method of using an open-loop response to deal with large transients threatening to force a pump into an operating region that might result in damage or destruction.

Abstract: Many variables in processes such as those using turbocompressors and turbines must be limited or constrained. Limit control loops are provided for the purpose of limiting these variables. By using a combination of closed loop and open loop limit control schemes, excursions into unfavorable operation can be more effectively avoided. Transition between open loop and closed loop may be enhanced by testing the direction and magnitude of the rate at which the limit variable is changing. If the rate of change indicates recovery is imminent, control is passed back to the closed loop limit control function.

Abstract: Often, an application or process calls for multiple pumps operating within a piping network. Pump load, such as flow rate or pressure, is shared between these multiple pumps. The present disclosure relates to effective means of distributing the pumping load in a manner that satisfies the process requirements while keeping the pumping machinery safe from functioning in damaging operating regions. It also discloses a method of operating pumps in an efficient or optimal fashion. An additional aspect is a method of using an open-loop response to deal with large transients threatening to force a pump into an operating region that might result in damage or destruction.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling fuel flow to the combustor of a gas generator turbine during sudden changes in load or during a surge cycle of the process turbocompressor. Surge control is initiated by analog input signals emanating from various devices located throughout the compressor-process system. The fuel control system includes input signals from the gas turbine driver. These signals are acted upon by the fuel control system which transmits a signal to a fuel valve actuator that controls the valve that meters fuel to the combustor. In addition to this sequence of control communication, however, is a rate-of-change in the amount of the fuel provided. The rate of the increase of the amount of fuel is determined by current operating functions of the fuel control system. However, because of the characteristics of general load rejection and recovery, and the abrupt nature of surge, the rate of change in the flow rate of fuel is extremely high.