Abstract: An antimicrobial and/or antiviral polymer is provided. The polymer is a modified polymer of a precursor polymer that comprises nitrogen atoms. The precursor polymer is modified into the antimicrobial and/or antiviral polymer of the present invention by substituting at least part of the nitrogen atoms with a (C1-C20) alkyl group and quaternizing at least part of the substituted nitrogen atoms. Such antimicrobial and/or antiviral polymers bind strongly and non-covalently to surfaces, rendering the surface antimicrobial and/or antiviral.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified colloidal silica particles covalently linked to at least one polyalkyleneoxy moiety having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units. The invention also relates to an aqueous dispersion thereof, and a method of producing such modified silica particles. The invention further relates to use of the modified colloidal silica particles as emulsifiers for paper sizing agents, agriculturally active ingredients and asphalts, as well as dispersant for oil spills.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically active substance and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier including a cationic excipient, wherein said cationic excipient is a labile ester of betaine and a lipophilic alcohol having at least one primary hydroxyl group. Also, the use of a labile ester of betaine and a lipophilic alcohol having at least a primary hydroxyl group as a cationic excipient in a carrier for a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically active substance.

Abstract: The invention herein relates to the method and use in an antifouling paint that specifically and efficiently impede settlement of for example barnacles on aquatic structures, using imidazole containing compound, such as Medetomidine, bound to a sulfonated, acid sulphate ester, phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid or acid phosphate ester modified polymer backbone such as polystyrene or acrylate polymers. The aim is to employ the biocide-polymer complexes as additives in a self-polishing paint for controlled release purposes.

Abstract: An antimicrobial and/or antiviral polymer is provided. The polymer is a modified polymer of a precursor polymer that comprises nitrogen atoms. The precursor polymer is modified into the antimicrobial and/or antiviral polymer of the present invention by substituting at least part of the nitrogen atoms with a (C1-C20) alkyl group and quaternizing at least part of the substituted nitrogen atoms. Such antimicrobial and/or antiviral polymers bind strongly and non-covalently to surfaces, rendering the surface antimicrobial and/or antiviral.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically active substance and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising a cationic excipient, wherein said cationic excipient is a labile ester of betaine and a lipophilic alcohol having at least one primary hydroxyl group. The invention also relates to the use of a labile ester of betaine and a lipophilic alcohol having at least a primary hydroxyl group as a cationic excipient in a carrier for a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically active substance.

Abstract: The invention herein relates to the method and use in an antifouling paint that specifically and efficiently impede settlement of for example barnacles on aquatic structures, using imidazole containing compound, such as Medetomidine, bound to a sulfonated, acid sulphate ester, phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid or acid phosphate ester modified polymer backbone such as polystyrene or acrylate polymers. The aim is to employ the biocide-polymer complexes as additives in a self-polishing paint for controlled release purposes.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an essentially water-free sizing composition and an aqueous sizing dispersion comprising a sizing agent, a non-ionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant and a monohydric alcohol. The invention also relates to a method for producing an aqueous dispersion comprising the above components and the use of the dispersion for surface and stock sizing.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an essentially water-free sizing composition and an aqueous sizing dispersion comprising a sizing agent, a non-ionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant and a monohydric alcohol. The invention also relates to a method for producing an aqueous dispersion comprising the above components and the use of the dispersion for surface and stock sizing.

Abstract: An alkyd composition which is one of an aqueous emulsion or an aqueous microemulsion and which is autoxidatively drying, including an alkyd which is autoxidatively-drying; and an emulsifier which at least partly consists of an alkoxylate of monoalkanolamide of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a polyunsaturated alkyl group having 7-23 carbon atoms, X is an alkyleneoxy group derived from an alkylene oxide having 2-3 carbon atoms, m is 2-4, and n is 2-30.

Abstract: A solid surface having anionic groups capable of reacting with imino groups is provided with a hydrophilic outer surface layer comprising a covalently bonded biopolymer by a method selected from the group consisting of:a) reacting a water-soluble conjugate comprising nonionic hydrophilic polymer covalently bonded to a polyethylene imine and at least partly to a biopolymer with anionic groups on the surface;b) reacting a polyethylene imine substituted by nonionic hydrophilic polymer with anionic groups on the surface, and reacting biopolymer with reactive groups of the nonionic hydrophilic polymer in the presence of a reaction medium having a dielectric constant less than 10% of the dielectric constant of pure water; andc) reacting a polyethylene imine substituted by an anionic hydrophilic polymer derived from a nonionic hydrophilic polymer having a cloud point which is at least 5.degree. C.

Abstract: A solid surface having anionic groups capable of reacting with a polyethylene imine substituted at least in part by at least 50% by weight of a hydrophilic nonionic polymer having a molecular weight within the range from about 400 to about 200,000 is provided with a hydrophilic biopolymer-repellent outer surface layer thereof by reacting such a polyethylene imine substituted by nonionic hydrophilic polymer with anionic groups on the solid surface, in an amount sufficient to produce biopolymer-repellent solid surface, and accordingly having low spontaneous adsorption of proteins and other biopolymers through electrostatic attraction and/or hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract: A process for covalently bonding biopolymer, such as protein, to an organic polymer surface coated with hydrophilic nonionic polymer having groups reactive with the biopolymer and having a cloud point in the reaction medium that is at least 5.degree. C. above the temperature at which the coated organic polymer surface is to be used, which comprises reacting biopolymer with the surface in an aqueous reaction medium, at a temperature not less than 5.degree. C. below the cloud point; but not above a temperature at which the biopolymer is deleteriously affected, and preferably not above about 100.degree. C., the product comprises a biopolymer immobilized on a hydrophilic solid surface having a nonionic polymer and a hydrophilic layer, coupled thereto via biopolymer-reactive groups of the nonionic polymer, and accordingly has low spontaneous adsorption of proteins and other biopolymers through electrostatic attraction and/or hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract: A process for covalently bonding biopolymer, such as protein, to an organic polymer surface coated with hydrophilic nonionic polymer having groups reactive with the biopolymer, which comprises reacting biopolymer with the surface in a nonpolar reaction medium, preferably a microemulsion, containing from about 0.5 to about 25% water by weight, having a dielectric constant less than 10% of the dielectric constant of pure water; and the product comprises a biopolymer immobilized on a hydrophilic solid surface having a nonionic polymer and a hydrophilic layer, coupled thereto via biopolymer-reactant groups of the nonionic polymer, and accordingly has low spontaneous adsorption of proteins and other biopolymers through electrostatic attraction and/or hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract: A surface active compound for use in microemulsions useful in oil recovery, wood impregnating, dry cleaning, cleaning of hard surfaces and for floor polishing, which has one hydrophobic group, containing 9-50, preferably 12-35 carbon atoms and 2-6 separate hydrophilic end groups, at least one of the hydrophilic end groups being a nonionic group obtained by reacting a compound having a reactive hydrogen atom with an alkylene oxide having 2-4 carbon atoms and at least one being an anionic group.

Abstract: A process is provided for the rapid transesterification of triglycerides with fatty acids in the presence of lipase enzyme, using an aqueous microemulsion reaction medium comprising a hydrophobic component, a surface-active component, and water.

Abstract: Novel ether phosphonate surfactants having a branched hydrophobic tail are used in a process for enhanced oil recovery from a subterranean oil reservoir. They combine a high oil-mobilizing capacity with a good tolerance against divalent ions. The ether phosphonate surfactants are summarized by the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, being the same or different, are hydrocarbons containing 3-18 carbon atoms each and optionally containing functional groups such as ether and hydroxyl; X is an alkyleneoxy group derived from an alkylene oxide having 2-3 carbon atoms; Y is an alkylene group having 1-4 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; M.sup.+ is a monovalent cation; n.sub.1 and n.sub.2, being the same or different, are a number from 0 to 4; m.sub.1 and m.sub.2, being the same or different, are 0 or 1, both m.sub.1 and m.sub.2 not being 0 at the same time and m.sub.1 being 1 when n.sub.1 is a number from 1 to 4 and m.sub.2 always being 1 when n.sub.

Abstract: A carrier which consists of a carboxyl group-containing polymer, preferably activated polymethyl methacrylate, and on the surface of which a biologically active substance consisting of Poly I:C is immobilized, is described, as is a method of preparing such a carrier, and its use for diagnostic purposes. In the method of immobilizing Poly I:C on a carrier surface of polymethyl methacrylate, the surface of the polymethyl methacrylate carrier is first activated by treating it with strong alkali, such as a 10M sodium hydroxide solution. An aqueous solution of Poly I:C is heated, preferably for 1-2 h, and is then allowed to cool to about 50.degree.-80.degree. C., whereupon a coupler, preferably a water-soluble carbodiimide, is added to the solution. The warm solution is then applied to the activated carrier surface to immobilize Poly I:C on the carrier surface which then is allowed to cool to 0.degree.-50.degree. C.

Abstract: Formations surrounding oil wells, gas wells, injection wells and similar bore holes are treated by the injection of a microemulsion containing an acid solution. The main surfactant of the microemulsion is characterized by having at least two hydrocarbon groups attached to a nitrogen atom via a polar groups.

Abstract: Detergent compositions stable to chlorine separation are described, which as main constituents contain alkali metal phosphate, alkali metal silicate, a surfactant and granulate chlorinated triazine trione, the granules of the chlorinated triazine trione being coated with a thin layer of a hydrophobic substance. The surface-treated chlorinated triazine trione which constitutes an agent for producing the composition, is also described as is the use of the composition as a machine dish washing detergent or industrial detergent.