Abstract: A dual-curable sealant composition includes a polysulfide having an —SH group, a metal oxide catalyst, and an alkylborane amine catalyst. A cured sealant is also formed from the dual-curable sealant composition. Moreover, a dual-cured sealant is formed that includes the polymerization product of the polysulfide reacted in the presence of the metal oxide catalyst and the alkylborane amine catalyst. Further, a dual-curable sealant system includes a first component including the polysulfide and the alkylborane amine catalyst and a second component including the metal oxide catalyst. An article is formed that includes a substrate and the cured sealant disposed on the substrate. Even further, a method of forming the dual-curable sealant composition includes the steps of providing the polysulfide, the alkylborane amine catalyst, and the metal oxide catalyst, and combining the polysulfide, the alkylborane amine catalyst, and the metal oxide catalyst to form the dual-curable composition.

Abstract: A dual-curable sealant composition includes a polysulfide having an —SH group, a metal oxide catalyst, and an alkyl-borane amine catalyst. A cured sealant is also formed from the dual-curable sealant composition. Moreover, a dual-cured sealant is formed that includes the polymerization product of the polysulfide reacted in the presence of the metal oxide catalyst and the alkylborane amine catalyst. Further, a dual-curable sealant system includes a first component including the polysulfide and the alkylborane amine catalyst and a second component including the metal oxide catalyst. An article is formed that includes a substrate and the cured sealant disposed on the substrate. Even further, a method of forming the dual-curable sealant composition includes the steps of providing the polysulfide, the alkylborane amine catalyst, and the metal oxide catalyst, and combining the polysulfide, the alkylborane amine catalyst, and the metal oxide catalyst to form the dual-curable composition.

Abstract: A curable sealant composition includes a polysulfide having an —SH group, a compound having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and an alkylborane amine catalyst. A cured sealant is formed from the curable sealant composition, wherein the cured sealant includes the polymerization product of the polysulfide and the compound having the at least one carbon-carbon double bond reacted in the presence of the alkylborane amine catalyst. Furthermore, a curable sealant system includes a first component including the polysulfide and the alkylborane amine catalyst and a second component including the compound having the at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Moreover, an article includes a substrate and the cured sealant disposed on the substrate. The curable sealant composition is formed using a method including the steps of providing and combining the polysulfide, the alkylborane amine catalyst, and the compound having the at least one carbon-carbon double bond, to form the curable composition.

Abstract: A liquid formulation is provided. The liquid formulation contains at least one aprotic organic solvent, at least one lithium salt, at least 1.5% by weight of a compound of formula (I) based on a total weight of the liquid formulation, essentially no 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, and optionally at least one additive other than (C): where R1 is C1-C6-alkyl, phenyl, or 2- and 4-pyridyl, which may be substituted with one or more moieties of F, CN, C1-C4-alkyl and CF3; each R2 is independently C1-C4-alkyl, CN, or fluorine; a is a number of from zero to four; and X is O—SO2—R1 or hydrogen.

Abstract: A series of ligands with site specific electron donating substituents that form a catalyst complex with a transition metal and are suitable for catalysis of atom transfer radical reactions, including ATRP are described. Faster catalysis rates were observed allowing for low catalyst concentrations and linear increases in molecular weight with monomer conversion, and narrow molecular weight distributions. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that increasing the strength and number of conjugated electron donating groups resulted in more stable complexes and larger ATRP equilibrium constants.

Abstract: A series of ligands with site specific electron donating substituents that form a catalyst complex with a transition metal and are suitable for catalysis of atom transfer radical reactions, including ATRP are described. Faster catalysis rates were observed allowing for low catalyst concentrations and linear increases in molecular weight with monomer conversion, and narrow molecular weight distributions. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that increasing the strength and number of conjugated electron donating groups resulted in more stable complexes and larger ATRP equilibrium constants.