Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for providing personalized oral irrigation. One variation of a system for personalized oral irrigation comprises a fluid reservoir and a customized oral insert in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir. The oral insert comprises an arrangement of fluid openings positioned based on the individual oral or dental structures of a user's teeth to provide a customized fluid flow over the user's teeth. Also described herein are methods for generating an arrangement of fluid openings in a customized oral insert.

Abstract: A surfactant can be added, safely and effectively, to a drug solution containing any antimicrobial agent, such as an antibiotic like tobramycin, that is suitable for administration to the lungs via inhalation. Thus, when an aerosolized drug solution includes surfactant, Marangoni flows cause the drug particles, once deposited in the lungs, to spread over a wider surface area, thereby ensuring greater antimicrobial efficacy. A solution that contains, for example, an antibiotic and tyloxapol or another surfactant providing a similar surface tension to the composition is optimally delivered by the functional combination of a breath-actuated nebulizer and a high-flow compressor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel ester cleavage process for use with .beta.-lactams. The process is useful because of mild conditions necessary to complete the reaction, such conditions being especially suitable for .beta.-lactams.