Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for a direct-injection engine having at least one cylinder head comprising at least one cylinder, in which each cylinder is assigned an injection nozzle which: is at least connectable to a fuel reservoir which serves for storing fuel, is secured in a nozzle holder, and is fitted with a nozzle needle which is displaceable in the direction of a longitudinal axis in a nozzle needle guide and, opens up at least one nozzle hole in order to introduce fuel. A control piston may be mounted movably on the injection nozzle, is displaceable in a translatory manner along the longitudinal axis of the injection nozzle between an inoperative position and a working position, and closes at least one fluid connection in the inoperative position and opens up same in the working position in order to introduce water into the associated cylinder.

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel injection system includes a nozzle housing and a nozzle needle that is axially displaceable in the nozzle housing and with which an outflow opening in a valve seat of the fuel injection nozzle can be closed and opened. At least one pulsation reducer is arranged between the nozzle needle and an inside of the nozzle housing. The pulsation reducer includes a plurality of breakwater elements that dampen pressure pulsations in the fuel flowing through the injection nozzle to the outflow opening.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for producing spark plugs and/or spark plug components, and a capsule which may be used to produce a spark plug or spark plug component. The capsule may comprise a housing of a material which is unstable when heated a threshold temperature, and the capsule may further be filled with one or more powders, whereupon heating of the capsule the housing may break down and the powders may be sintered or fused into a resistive body. The presently disclosed method may simplify and/or reduce the cost of producing spark plugs using known methods of inserting powdered precursor materials.