Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising, determining, by a source base station, a first target cell and a second target cell for a handover of a user equipment, wherein the first target cell and the second target cell are cells of the same target base station, setting, by the source base station, an identifier of a first handover preparation procedure and an identifier of a second handover preparation procedure, wherein the identifier of the first handover preparation procedure is different compared to the identifier of the second handover preparation procedure, initializing, by the source base station, the first handover preparation procedure to the first target cell and the second handover preparation procedure to the second target cell and binding, by the source base station, the identifier of the first handover preparation procedure and the identifier of the second handover preparation procedure.

Abstract: A method may include receiving, by a secondary node of a third radio access technology (RAT) that is operating as a secondary node for an inter-radio access technology (inter-RAT) dual connectivity connection with a user device from a master node of a first RAT that is operating as a master node for the inter-RAT dual connectivity connection with the user device, a release request including a forward without sequence number indication that instructs the secondary node of the third RAT to forward, without sequence numbers, data for the dual connectivity connection to a target node of a second RAT, wherein the second RAT is different than the first RAT; and forwarding, by the secondary node of the third RAT towards the target node of the second RAT, via a data forwarding path that omits the master node of the first RAT, data without sequence numbers to the target node.

Abstract: A method may include receiving, by a secondary node of a third radio access technology (RAT) that is operating as a secondary node for an inter-radio access technology (inter-RAT) dual connectivity connection with a user device from a master node of a first RAT that is operating as a master node for the inter-RAT dual connectivity connection with the user device, a release request including a forward without sequence number indication that instructs the secondary node of the third RAT to forward, without sequence numbers, data for the dual connectivity connection to a target node of a second RAT, wherein the second RAT is different than the first RAT; and forwarding, by the secondary node of the third RAT towards the target node of the second RAT, via a data forwarding path that omits the master node of the first RAT, data without sequence numbers to the target node.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may include configuring, by a network node, a user equipment to use an aggregation of radio technologies. At least one radio bearer is established between the user equipment and the network node and is routed over an access point of an alternate wireless network. The method may also include determining whether trustworthy security is provided by the access point of the alternate wireless network. The method may also include instructing the user equipment to turn off ciphering based on the determining, wherein the ciphering is turned off for the at least one radio bearer between the user equipment and the apparatus. The method may also be used for configuring specific ciphering on selective radio bearers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for conditional handovers. In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method including sending, by a first node serving a user equipment, a message to a second node, the message including an indication of whether a conditional cell change is prohibited at the second node; and receiving, by the first node, an acknowledgment in response to the message.

Abstract: A method may include receiving a request for conditional handover from a source node. The method may also include sending a conditional handover request acknowledgment message in response to the request. The method may further include sending a conditional handover cancellation message to a source node. The conditional cancellation message may include a genuine cancellation or a modification-related cancellation. Further, the method may include receiving a response message from the source node in response to the conditional handover cancellation message. In addition, the method may include deciding to keep or release user equipment context based on the response message.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising monitoring if a cell is being started; selecting a temporary physical cell identifier among a predefined pool; instructing the cell to adopt the selected temporary physical cell identifier if the cell is being started; determining a permanent physical cell identifier for the cell, wherein the permanent physical cell identifier does not belong to the predefined pool and is different from each used physical cell identifier, wherein the used physical cell identifiers are indicated in measurement reports; checking if a first time has elapsed after the cell has been instructed to adopt the selected temporary physical cell identifier or a second time has elapsed after the cell has been started; replacing the selected temporary physical cell identifier by the determined permanent physical cell identifier if the first time or the second time has elapsed.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising, determining, by a source base station, a first target cell and a second target cell for a handover of a user equipment, wherein the first target cell and the second target cell are cells of the same target base station, setting, by the source base station, an identifier of a first handover preparation procedure and an identifier of a second handover preparation procedure, wherein the identifier of the first handover preparation procedure is different compared to the identifier of the second handover preparation procedure, initializing, by the source base station, the first handover preparation procedure to the first target cell and the second handover preparation procedure to the second target cell and binding, by the source base station, the identifier of the first handover preparation procedure and the identifier of the second handover preparation procedure.

Abstract: This specification describes a method comprising responding to a detection of a variation in at least one measured characteristic of a reference signal transmitted from an access point to a portable device by triggering participation by the portable device in vehicle-to-portable device communications. In some examples, the triggering of the participation in the vehicle-to-portable device communications in response to the detection of the variation in the at least one measured characteristic of the reference signal may be performed only if it has been determined that a location of the portable device satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding radio access network (RAN) controlled access of user equipment (UE) to wireless communication networks. The method includes receiving, at a base station or controller of a cellular communication network, a request to offload traffic to a wireless communication network from an access point of the wireless communication network regarding user equipment served by the base station or controller, determining, at the base station or controller, whether to permit the user equipment to offload traffic to the wireless communication network, and transmitting a message indicating whether it is permitted to offload traffic to the access point of the wireless communication network.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising monitoring if a cell is being started; selecting a temporary physical cell identifier among a predefined pool; instructing the cell to adopt the selected temporary physical cell identifier if the cell is being started; determining a permanent physical cell identifier for the cell, wherein the permanent physical cell identifier does not belong to the predefined pool and is different from each used physical cell identifier, wherein the used physical cell identifiers are indicated in measurement reports; checking if a first time has elapsed after the cell has been instructed to adopt the selected temporary physical cell identifier or a second time has elapsed after the cell has been started; replacing the selected temporary physical cell identifier by the determined permanent physical cell identifier if the first time or the second time has elapsed.

Abstract: This specification describes a method comprising detecting presence of a portable device in a vicinity of a first vehicle based on an identifier of the portable device which is detected at first user equipment, UE, located at the first vehicle, and further comprising causing transmission, from the first UE to a second UE located at a second vehicle in the vicinity of the first vehicle, of the identifier of the portable device and measurement data relating to the portable device and collected at the first vehicle, the measurement data being for use at the second vehicle to determine the location of the portable device relative to the second vehicle.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided by which a user equipment receives information enabling handover and/or apparatus type identification related to a handover, and stores the information enabling handover and/or apparatus type identification. In case of a connection failure, the stored information enabling handover and/or apparatus type identification may later be used to evaluate the cause for the connection failure.

Abstract: There is provided a method and an apparatus for determining an adjustment of a tilt angle (?1, ?2) for a beam emitted from an antenna (130) of a base station (100) which is serving a vertically sectorized cell (150) of a cellular radio telecommunication network. The method comprises (a) configuring user equipments (162, 164) being located in the vertically sectorized cell (150) with dedicated measurements, (b) collecting the dedicated measurements for a specific time interval, (c) obtaining a spatial user equipment distribution among a first sector (152) of the cell (150) and a second sector (154) of the cell (150) based on the collected dedicated measurements, (d) ascertaining an optimized spatial overlap region between the first sector (152) and the second sector (154) based on the obtained spatial user equipment distribution, and (e) determining the adjustment of the tilt angle (?1, ?2) based on the ascertained optimized spatial overlap region.

Abstract: A method includes optimizing a handover behavior of a mobile radio communication network including at least a first base station and a second base station. The method includes (a) performing a handover of a UE from the first base station to the second base station; (b) adding an information element representing a property of the UE to a report message including information about the performed handover; (c) forwarding the report message from the second base station to the first base station; and (d) optimizing the handover behavior of the mobile radio communication network based on the added information element. Further, it is described a base station which is configured for carrying out the described handover behavior optimization method.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer program products are disclosed for enhancing mobility robustness optimization in self optimizing networks. Neighbor relation information indicating relations between a handover source cell and candidate handover target cell(s), each including a first counter indicating events of an unsuccessful handover of a user equipment from the handover source cell to one candidate handover target cell, and a second counter indicating events of connection re-establishment attempt of the user equipment to the candidate handover target cell after an unsuccessful handover to another cell. A first candidate handover target cell to which handover of the user equipment was unsuccessful and a second candidate handover target cell to which the user equipment has re-established a connection, out of the candidate handover target cells, are determined.

Abstract: This specification describes a method comprising responding to a detection of a variation in at least one measured characteristic of a reference signal transmitted from an access point to a portable device by triggering participation by the portable device in vehicle-to-portable device communications. In some examples, the triggering of the participation in the vehicle-to-portable device communications in response to the detection of the variation in the at least one measured characteristic of the reference signal may be performed only if it has been determined that a location of the portable device satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: This specification describes a method comprising detecting presence of a portable device in a vicinity of a first vehicle based on an identifier of the portable device which is detected at first user equipment, UE, located at the first vehicle, and further comprising causing transmission, from the first UE to a second UE located at a second vehicle in the vicinity of the first vehicle, of the identifier of the portable device and measurement data relating to the portable device and collected at the first vehicle, the measurement data being for use at the second vehicle to determine the location of the portable device relative to the second vehicle.

Abstract: There are provided measures for detection and inhibition of multiple consecutive inter-RAT ping-pong handovers (also called handover bounces). Such measures exemplarily include detecting multiple consecutive ping-pong handovers of a communication endpoint between two radio access technologies, wherein a ping-pong handover includes a handover from one of said two radio access technologies to the other of said two radio access technologies and a handover from the other of said two radio access technologies to the one of said two radio access technologies, and causing immediate inhibition of certain handovers of said communication endpoint.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding radio access network (RAN) controlled access of user equipment (UE) to wireless communication networks. The method includes receiving, at a base station or controller of a cellular communication network, a request to offload traffic to a wireless communication network from an access point of the wireless communication network regarding user equipment served by the base station or controller, determining, at the base station or controller, whether to permit the user equipment to offload traffic to the wireless communication network, and transmitting a message indicating whether it is permitted to offload traffic to the access point of the wireless communication network.