Abstract: Provided are a key establishment method and system using commutative linear functions. In the method, a server defines a set of linear functions that use elements of a first finite field as coefficients and satisfy a commutative rule, selects a first linear function from the set, and selects a predetermined element from a second finite field. Next, the server selects a second linear function corresponding to each of nodes from the set, generates a predetermined combination function based on the first and second linear functions, generates a value of the second linear function using the selected element as a factor, and transmits the combination function and the value of the second linear function to a corresponding node. Each node receives the value of the second linear function from a server, exchanges the received values with the other nodes, computes a value using the exchanged value as a factor of the combination function, and establishes the computed value as a shared key between the nodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting defects in a package containing metal foil by cyclic voltammetry, which comprises putting the package into an electrolytic bath, filling electrolyte into the package, positioning one electrode inside the package and positioning the other electrode in the electrolytic bath but outside of the package, then determining the current induced by applying varied voltage, thereby identifying whether the detected defect is a real defect or a pseudo defect. According to the method for detecting defects in a package, it can detect a pseudo defect which could not be detected by conventional electrolytic test.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hybrid multiplication in GF(2m) by which trade-off between the area and the operation speed of an apparatus for a hybrid multiplier in finite field GF(2m) can be achieved are provided.