Abstract: A semiconductor structure is provided. The semiconductor structure includes at least one metal gate structure and a device to be tested. The metal gate structure is disposed on a substrate. The device to be tested is disposed on the metal gate structure and electrically separated from the metal gate structure. The device to be tested is heated by a heat generated when the metal gate structure is applied with a voltage.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a light board and a light dimmer circuit. The light board includes multiple first light emitting elements and second light emitting elements. The first light emitting elements are disposed in a first area of the light board. The second light emitting elements are disposed in a second area of the light board. The light dimmer circuit is configured to drive the second light emitting elements to generate flickering lights from the second area of the light board, and is configured to drive the first light emitting elements to generate non-flickering lights from the first area of the light board.

Abstract: A method for operating a beacon-based vending system with a vending machine and multiple mobile devices includes steps of selecting a merchandise item through the vending machine, performing a beacon payment selection through the vending machine, determining if one of the mobile devices is a payer device according to the beacon payment selection result through a first beacon transceiving module of the vending machine, when the mobile device is a payer device, unlocking a beacon payment function of the beacon application installed on the payer device through the first beacon transceiving module, and performing the beacon payment function of the beacon application through the payer device. Given the method, a secure, precise and simplified transaction process can be achieved, users' operational convenience can be enhanced, and transaction time can be shortened.