Abstract: A photographing optical system includes eight lens elements which are, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element, a seventh lens element and an eighth lens element. The eight lens elements each have an object-side surface facing toward the object side and an image-side surface facing toward the image side. The first lens element has positive refractive power. The fifth lens element has positive refractive power. The object-side surface of the seventh lens element is convex in a paraxial region thereof. The image-side surface of the eighth lens element is concave in a paraxial region thereof. At least one lens surface of at least one lens element of the photographing optical system has at least one critical point in an off-axis region thereof.

Abstract: A prognostic and health management system for precision ball grinding machines includes: a detector connected to a first and a second grinding discs; and a central processing module including a determining unit, a historical data recording unit, a timing unit, and an alarm unit. The detector is connected to the determining unit, detects data of the two grinding discs, and sends the data to the determining unit, the determining unit compares data in the historical data recording unit to determine whether the first and second grinding discs are abnormal, if there is an abnormality, the alarm unit releases a warning signal, if the determining unit determines that there is no abnormality, the timing unit records a grinding time of the first and second grinding discs, and based on a comparison of the past records, the alarm unit releases a warning signal after a predetermined time has elapsed.

Abstract: Optically transparent fiber glass cover substrates for electronic displays. The cover substrates include an optically transparent fiberglass composite layer including a fiberglass layer embedded in a matrix material and an optically transparent hard-coat layer bonded to a top surface of the optically transparent fiberglass composite layer. A bottom surface of the optically transparent fiberglass composite layer may define a bottommost exterior surface of a cover substrate. The bottommost exterior surface of a cover substrate may be disposed over a display surface of an electronic display to protect the display surface from damage.

Abstract: A prognostic and health management system for precision ball grinding machines includes: a detector connected to a first and a second grinding discs; and a central processing module including a determining unit, a historical data recording unit, a timing unit, and an alarm unit. The detector is connected to the determining unit, detects data of the two grinding discs, and sends the data to the determining unit, the determining unit compares data in the historical data recording unit to determine whether the first and second grinding discs are abnormal, if there is an abnormality, the alarm unit releases a warning signal, if the determining unit determines that there is no abnormality, the timing unit records a grinding time of the first and second grinding discs, and based on a comparison of the past records, the alarm unit releases a warning signal after a predetermined time has elapsed.

Abstract: A method of chemically strengthening a glass-based article via ion exchange, wherein the glass-based article has a thickness of less than about 300 mm. The glass-based article may be chemically strengthened by ion exchanged to achieve a depth of compression DOC ranging from about 5 mm to about 60 mm and a peak compressive stress in a range from about 300 MPa to about 2000 MPa. The high peak compressive stress provides the ability to withstand the stresses associated with bending and to resist damage caused by impact. Additionally, the glass-based article retains net compression to contain surface flaws when the glass is subjected to bending around a tight radius in use, for example, as cover glass in flexible and foldable displays.

Abstract: Foldable apparatus can comprise a foldable substrate comprising a substrate thickness and a central portion positioned between a first portion and a second portion. The central portion can comprise a central thickness less than the substrate thickness. A first maximum tensile stress of a first tensile stress region in the first portion and a second maximum tensile stress of the second tensile stress region in the second portion can be less than a third maximum tensile stress of a central tensile stress region in the central portion. Ribbons can comprise a ribbon thickness and a central portion positioned between a first portion and a second portion. The central portion can comprise a first central compressive stress region and a second central compressive stress region. In some embodiments, methods of processing a ribbon can comprise masking the first portion, masking the second portion, and chemically strengthening the central portion.

Abstract: A cover element for an electronic device that includes a glass element having a thickness from 20 ?m to 125 ?m, a first primary surface, a second primary surface, a compressive stress region extending from the first primary surface to a first depth, and a polymeric layer disposed over the first primary surface. Further, the glass element has a stress profile such that it has a bend strength of about 1850 MPa or more at a 10% failure probability, wherein the cover element is made by a multi-step method that employs a redraw thinning step and at least two chemical etching steps.

Abstract: A cover element for an electronic device that includes a redrawn glass element, first and second primary surfaces, and a polymeric layer disposed over the first primary surface. The redrawn glass element has a reduced thickness and an average surface roughness of 1 nanometer or less. Further, the cover element can withstand a pen drop height of greater than 6 centimeters or 2.5 times or more than that of a control pen drop height of the cover element having a non-redrawn glass element the layer according to Drop Test 1.

Abstract: An article including a laminate having a substrate and an ultra-thin cover glass layer bonded to atop surface of the substrate. The ultra-thin cover glass layer has a thickness in the range of 1 micron to 49 microns. The ultra-thin cover glass layer is bonded to the top surface of the substrate with an optically transparent adhesive layer having a thickness in the range of 5 microns to 50 microns.

Abstract: A glass article including an ultra-thin glass layer and an optically transparent polymeric hard-coat layer having a pencil hardness of 8H or more bonded to the ultra-thin glass layer. The optically transparent polymer hard-coat layer may include an organic polymer material or an aliphatic or aromatic hexafunctional urethane acrylate. In some embodiments, the glass article may have an impact resistance defined by the capability of the glass article to avoid failure at a pen drop height that is 2 times or more than that of a control pen drop height of the ultra-thin glass layer without the optically transparent polymeric hard-coat layer, where the pen drop height and the control pen drop height are measured according to the Pen Drop Test. In some embodiments, the glass article may survive a bend radius of 5 mm or less.

Abstract: Optically transparent fiber glass cover substrates for electronic displays. The cover substrates include an optically transparent fiberglass composite layer including a fiberglass layer embedded in a matrix material and an optically transparent hard-coat layer bonded to a top surface of the optically transparent fiberglass composite layer. A bottom surface of the optically transparent fiberglass composite layer may define a bottommost exterior surface of a cover substrate. The bottommost exterior surface of a cover substrate may be disposed over a display surface of an electronic display to protect the display surface from damage.

Abstract: A process includes providing a base substrate and disposing a precursor on the base substrate. The precursor includes powdered particles of a first material and an organic binder. The process includes photo-thermally treating the precursor to form a light extraction layer. The photo-thermal treatment includes exposing the precursor to a flash lamp that is energized in pulses. The process further includes disposing an organic light emitting diode adjacent to the light extraction layer.

Abstract: A process includes providing a base substrate and disposing a precursor on the base substrate. The precursor includes powdered particles of a first material and an organic binder. The process includes photo-thermally treating the precursor to form a light extraction layer. The photo-thermal treatment includes exposing the precursor to a flash lamp that is energized in pulses. The process further includes disposing an organic light emitting diode adjacent to the light extraction layer.

Abstract: A process includes providing a base substrate and disposing a precursor on the base substrate. The precursor includes powdered particles of a first material and an organic binder. The process includes photo-thermally treating the precursor to form a light extraction layer. The photo-thermal treatment includes exposing the precursor to a flash lamp that is energized in pulses. The process further includes disposing an organic light emitting diode adjacent to the light extraction layer.

Abstract: A process includes providing a base substrate and disposing a precursor on the base substrate. The precursor includes powdered particles of a first material and an organic binder. The process includes photo-thermally treating the precursor to form a light extraction layer. The photo-thermal treatment includes exposing the precursor to a flash lamp that is energized in pulses. The process further includes disposing an organic light emitting diode adjacent to the light extraction layer.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus and a temperature control method are provided. The steps of the temperature control method include: setting a preset temperature information, wherein the preset temperature information comprises a plurality of application program names and a plurality of respectively corresponding heat dissipation setting information about a heat dissipation ability of a heat dissipation apparatus; checking whether a name of an executed application program is one of the application program names or not, and selecting one of the heat dissipation setting information corresponding to the executed application program to be a selected heat dissipation information; and, driving the heat dissipation apparatus according to the selected heat dissipation setting information.

Abstract: A card reader that is connected to a portable electronic apparatus includes a processor and a memory card controller. The processor receives a trigger signal from the portable electronic apparatus when the portable electronic apparatus is in a standby mode. The memory card controller detects whether at least one memory card is inserted into the card reader and generates a memory card inserting status accordingly. The portable electronic apparatus provides a standby power to the card reader and a first screen based on the trigger signal. The processor receives the memory card inserting status; according to the memory card inserting status, the processor reads contents of the memory card, so that the contents of the memory card are displayed on the first screen.

Abstract: A card reader that is connected to a portable electronic apparatus includes a processor and a memory card controller. The processor receives a trigger signal from the portable electronic apparatus when the portable electronic apparatus is in a standby mode. The memory card controller detects whether at least one memory card is inserted into the card reader and generates a memory card inserting status accordingly. The portable electronic apparatus provides a standby power to the card reader and a first screen based on the trigger signal. The processor receives the memory card inserting status; according to the memory card inserting status, the processor reads contents of the memory card, so that the contents of the memory card are displayed on the first screen.

Abstract: Microwave irradiation treatment is used to enhance the luminescent efficiency by improving surface morphology of the illuminating phosphors. The invention modifies the phosphor particles from the sheet-like shape into the spherical shape and so as to exhibit better crystalline property, thus it may provide for the fabrication of the phosphors with high luminescent efficiency for the optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: Microwave irradiation treatment is used to enhance the luminescent efficiency by improving surface morphology of the illuminating phosphors. The invention modifies the phosphor particles from the sheet-like shape into the spherical shape and so as to exhibit better crystalline property, thus it may provide for the fabrication of the phosphors with high luminescent efficiency for the optoelectronic devices.