Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for applying ultrasound pulses into tissue or a medium in which the peak negative pressure (P?) of one or more negative half cycle(s) of the ultrasound pulses exceed(s) an intrinsic threshold of the tissue or medium, to directly form a dense bubble cloud in the tissue or medium without shock-scattering. In one embodiment, a microtripsy method of Histotripsy therapy comprises delivering an ultrasound pulse from an ultrasound therapy transducer into tissue, the ultrasound pulse having at least a portion of a peak negative pressure half-cycle that exceeds an intrinsic threshold in the tissue to produce a bubble cloud of at least one bubble in the tissue, and generating a lesion in the tissue with the bubble cloud. The intrinsic threshold can vary depending on the type of tissue to be treated. In some embodiments, the intrinsic threshold in tissue can range from 15-30 MPa.

Abstract: A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna system includes a metal plate, a background scanning antenna, a plurality of working antennas, and an isolator module. The isolator module is mountable on the metal plate and includes a plurality of isolators that are in a ring configuration to form an isolated space therein, so that the background scanning antenna can be located in the isolated space and a plurality of working antennas are located outside of the isolated space, thereby ensuring good isolation of the background scanning antenna from the working antennas by the design of the isolator module.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for applying ultrasound pulses into tissue or a medium in which the peak negative pressure (P?) of one or more negative half cycle(s) of the ultrasound pulses exceed(s) an intrinsic threshold of the tissue or medium, to directly form a dense bubble cloud in the tissue or medium without shock-scattering. In one embodiment, a microtripsy method of Histotripsy therapy comprises delivering an ultrasound pulse from an ultrasound therapy transducer into tissue, the ultrasound pulse having at least a portion of a peak negative pressure half-cycle that exceeds an intrinsic threshold in the tissue to produce a bubble cloud of at least one bubble in the tissue, and generating a lesion in the tissue with the bubble cloud. The intrinsic threshold can vary depending on the type of tissue to be treated. In some embodiments, the intrinsic threshold in tissue can range from 15-30 MPa.

Abstract: An auxiliary apparatus for a lighthouse positioning system is provided. The lighthouse positioning system includes a first positioning base station and a second positioning base station, wherein the first positioning base station includes a first signal transmitter and a second signal transmitter and the second positioning base station includes a first signal transmitter and a second signal transmitter. The auxiliary apparatus calculates a first signal time sequence of the first signal transmitters, calculates a second signal time sequence of the second signal transmitters, and determines a third signal time sequence according to the first signal time sequence and the second signal time sequence. The third signal time sequence is not overlapped with the first signal time sequence and the second signal time sequence. The auxiliary apparatus transmits a plurality of signals according to the third signal time sequence.

Abstract: A low-profile dual-band high-isolation antenna module is fixed on a substrate and includes two high-frequency antennas and two low-frequency antennas located on two opposite sides of the substrate respectively. The bottom ends of the low-frequency antennas are connected to a grounding of the substrate. A decoupling element is disposed between the high-frequency antennas and the low-frequency antennas. The top end of each high-frequency antenna forms a bent portion, and so does the top end of each low-frequency antenna. The decoupling element has two ends extending to positions corresponding respectively to the low-frequency antennas but is not in contact with the low-frequency antennas or the high-frequency antennas. The bottom end of the decoupling element is connected to the grounding through at least one metal strip. The bent portions effectively reduce the space occupied by the antennas while the decoupling element provides isolation between the antennas.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for applying ultrasound pulses into tissue or a medium in which the peak negative pressure (P?) of one or more negative half cycle(s) of the ultrasound pulses exceed(s) an intrinsic threshold of the tissue or medium, to directly form a dense bubble cloud in the tissue or medium without shock-scattering. In one embodiment, a microtripsy method of Histotripsy therapy comprises delivering an ultrasound pulse from an ultrasound therapy transducer into tissue, the ultrasound pulse having at least a portion of a peak negative pressure half-cycle that exceeds an intrinsic threshold in the tissue to produce a bubble cloud of at least one bubble in the tissue, and generating a lesion in the tissue with the bubble cloud. The intrinsic threshold can vary depending on the type of tissue to be treated. In some embodiments, the intrinsic threshold in tissue can range from 15-30 MPa.

Abstract: A low-profile dual-band high-isolation antenna module is fixed on a substrate and includes two high-frequency antennas and two low-frequency antennas located on two opposite sides of the substrate respectively. The bottom ends of the low-frequency antennas are connected to a grounding of the substrate. A decoupling element is disposed between the high-frequency antennas and the low-frequency antennas. The top end of each high-frequency antenna forms a bent portion, and so does the top end of each low-frequency antenna. The decoupling element has two ends extending to positions corresponding respectively to the low-frequency antennas but is not in contact with the low-frequency antennas or the high-frequency antennas. The bottom end of the decoupling element is connected to the grounding through at least one metal strip. The bent portions effectively reduce the space occupied by the antennas while the decoupling element provides isolation between the antennas.

Abstract: An auxiliary apparatus for a lighthouse positioning system is provided. The lighthouse positioning system includes a first positioning base station and a second positioning base station, wherein the first positioning base station includes a first signal transmitter and a second signal transmitter and the second positioning base station includes a first signal transmitter and a second signal transmitter. The auxiliary apparatus calculates a first signal time sequence of the first signal transmitters, calculates a second signal time sequence of the second signal transmitters, and determines a third signal time sequence according to the first signal time sequence and the second signal time sequence. The third signal time sequence is not overlapped with the first signal time sequence and the second signal time sequence. The auxiliary apparatus transmits a plurality of signals according to the third signal time sequence.

Abstract: A method for estimating operation parameters of a servomotor is described. The method includes the steps of: driving the servomotor to rotate stably at an initial angular velocity; computing d- and q-axis components of an initial voltage when the servomotor rotates at the initial angular velocity; accelerating the servomotor to a predetermined angular velocity according to the initial voltage; and computing at least one operation parameter of the servomotor after the servomotor rotates at the predetermined angular velocity.

Abstract: A method for estimating operation parameters of a servomotor is described. The method includes the steps of: driving the servomotor to rotate stably at an initial angular velocity; computing d- and q-axis components of an initial voltage when the servomotor rotates at the initial angular velocity; accelerating the servomotor to a predetermined angular velocity according to the initial voltage; and computing at least one operation parameter of the servomotor after the servomotor rotates at the predetermined angular velocity.

Abstract: A phase shifter includes: a feed layer; a stripline feeding network as strip conductor fixed to a circuit layout surface, the stripline feeding network having a phase shifting unit, including two fixed transmission line sections, and a trimmer with stripline conductor, including an acting surface facially opposite to the phase shifting unit, the stripline conductor is located in the acting surface in strip shape, and the stripline conductor and the two fixed transmission line sections of phase shifting unit are in electrical transport relationship, the electrical transmission length between line sections can be adjusted by the shift of stripline conductor to implement phase shift function; an interlocking bar, in displacement actuation state located at the gap on the circuit layout surface of feed layer, the interlocking bar drives the trimmer to shift; a metal layer, located in the corresponding position of at least a back side of feed layer.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for applying ultrasound pulses into tissue or a medium in which the peak negative pressure (P?) of one or more negative half cycle(s) of the ultrasound pulses exceed(s) an intrinsic threshold of the tissue or medium, to directly form a dense bubble cloud in the tissue or medium without shock-scattering. In one embodiment, a microtripsy method of Histotripsy therapy comprises delivering an ultrasound pulse from an ultrasound therapy transducer into tissue, the ultrasound pulse having at least a portion of a peak negative pressure half-cycle that exceeds an intrinsic threshold in the tissue to produce a bubble cloud of at least one bubble in the tissue, and generating a lesion in the tissue with the bubble cloud. The intrinsic threshold can vary depending on the type of tissue to be treated. In some embodiments, the intrinsic threshold in tissue can range from 15-30 MPa.

Abstract: Methods and devices for producing cavitation in tissue are provided. In one embodiment, a low-frequency ultrasound pulse is transmitted into tissue, a high-frequency ultrasound pulse is transmitted into tissue, and a composite waveform is formed in the tissue that has a peak negative pressure value that exceeds an intrinsic threshold for cavitation in the tissue. In some embodiments, the peak negative pressures of the individual ultrasound pulses do not exceed the intrinsic threshold for cavitation. In another embodiment, a plurality of ultrasound pulses at various resonant frequencies are transmitted into tissue, and the time delays between these transmissions are adjusted to allow the ultrasound pulses to align temporally and form a monopolar pulse having a compound peak negative pressure that exceeds an intrinsic threshold for cavitation in the tissue. Systems for performing Histotripsy therapy are also discussed.

Abstract: A panoramic imaging system includes a panoramic imaging lens, a relay lens, an imaging device, and a display device. The panoramic imaging lens includes an annular incident surface and a bottom surface adjacent to the annular incident surface. The bottom surface includes an annular reflective portion substantially opposite to the annular incident surface. An image light incident through the annular incident surface can be total reflected by the annular reflective portion.

Abstract: A lens includes an optical portion and a mounting portion. The optical portion refracts a first portion of light from an object incident on the optical portion to form an image of the object. The mounting portion surrounds the optical portion. The mounting portion includes at least one light dispersing surface dispersing a second portion of light from the object light incident thereon. A lens module and camera module utilizing the lens are further disclosed.

Abstract: A prism monomer for use in a digital light processing projection device includes a plastic triangular prism having a hypotenuse surface and a glass sheet. The glass sheet has two opposite surfaces. One surface of the glass sheet is attached to the hypotenuse surface of the plastic triangular prism and the other surface of the glass sheet is formed with an anti-reflective coating.

Abstract: A light source device includes a first light source, a second light source, a reflective assembly, and a condensing lens defining an optical axis. The first light source includes a first lamp and a first reflector reflecting light beams generated by the first lamp as first parallel light beams. The second light source includes a second lamp and a second reflector reflecting light beams generated by the second lamp. The first light source, the reflective assembly and the condensing lens are arranged in order along the optical axis. The second light source corresponds to the reflective assembly deviated from the optical axis. The reflective assembly reflects light beams reflected by the first reflector back to the first reflector, and reflects light beams from the second reflector to the condensing lens. The condensing lens condenses the first parallel light beams and the light beams reflected by the reflective assembly.

Abstract: A light guide is a quarter of cylinder in shape and includes a cylindrical emitting surface, an incident surface adjacent to and facing away from the cylindrical emitting surface, and a connecting surface connecting the cylindrical emitting surface and incident surface. The light guide defines five a number of grooves in the incident surface. Each groove is bounded by two surfaces. The inclined angle of the two surface is designed to satisfy a set of conditions to improve light uniformity of the cylindrical emitting surface.

Abstract: An antireflection film includes a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, a fourth layer, a fifth layer, a sixth layer, and a seventh layer. Each of the first, third, fifth, and seventh layer is formed using a low refractive index material. Each of the second, fourth, and sixth layer is formed using a high refractive index material. The thicknesses of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh layers are in ranges of 0.122d1 to 3.052d1, 0.267d2 to 0.370d2, 0.427d3 to 0.610d3, 0.760d4 to 0.924d4, 0.305d5 to 0.378d5, 0.575d6 to 0.718d6, and 1.160d7 to 1.342d7, correspondingly, wherein di=?/(4×ni), (i=1, 2, . . . 7), ni is a refractive index of the i-th layer, and ? is a reference wavelength of incident light entered into the antireflection film.

Abstract: A panoramic imaging system includes a panoramic imaging lens, a relay lens, an imaging device, and a display device. The panoramic imaging lens includes an annular incident surface and a bottom surface adjacent to the annular incident surface. The bottom surface includes an annular reflective portion substantially opposite to the annular incident surface. An image light incident through the annular incident surface can be total reflected by the annular reflective portion.