Abstract: A method of calculating fuel concentration in a liquid fuel cell comprises the following steps. One or more fuels with different known concentrations are separately provided for the liquid fuel cell such that the liquid fuel cell performs electrochemical reactions and generates power with various conditions having different known concentrations of fuels. An electrical load is provided to electrically couple with the liquid fuel cell, and a voltage (V) of the electrical load is changed. A plurality of physical parameters are produced when the liquid fuel cell is operated with fuels having known concentrations are respectively measured and recorded, and three of the physical parameters are selected to construct a corresponding three-dimensional measuring space. An interpolation means is generated based on the measuring space to estimate an unknown fuel concentration.

Abstract: The invention proposes a membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell and its fabrication method thereof. The membrane electrode assembly comprises: a proton exchange membrane; an anode layer that is disposed on a surface of the proton exchange membrane; a first cathode catalyst layer comprising at least one hydrophobic material that is disposed on the other surface of the proton exchange membrane; a second cathode catalyst layer comprising at least one hydrophilic material that is disposed on the surface of the first cathode catalyst layer; a cathode micro-porous layer that is disposed on the surface of the second cathode catalyst layer, and a cathode gas diffusion layer that is disposed on the surface of the cathode micro-porous layer.