Abstract: A pad liner includes a first pad clip that surrounds and is coupled to a side protrusion protruding in a lateral direction from a brake pad, and a torque support located under the first pad clip and between a side surface of the brake pad and the caliper body. The torque support supports a braking torque. The first pad clip includes a reference surface located on one of a top surface and a bottom surface of the side protrusion, a vertical elastic portion located on an opposite side from the reference surface that pressurizes the side protrusion in a direction of the reference surface, and a clip side portion that connects the reference surface and the vertical elastic portion and surrounds a side surface of the side protrusion. The pad liner minimizes a vertical gap and movement of the brake pad.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of converting carbon dioxide using a combination of a carbon dioxide mineralization and the metabolism of sulfur-oxidizing microorganisms. According to the process, a carbonate produced in the carbon dioxide mineralization reaction can be converted to a useful substance without supplying an external additional energy source (light, electrical energy, etc.) and mineral resources (metal ions). In addition, the process can be continuously performed by recycling metal ions necessary for the carbon dioxide mineralization reaction.

Abstract: A control method for controlling gear-shifting and lock-up of an engine clutch in a hybrid vehicle includes: detecting a kickdown shift by a driver while the hybrid vehicle is driving in an electric vehicle mode; starting gear-shifting when the kickdown shift is detected; controlling a difference between an engine speed and a motor speed to be equal to or less than a first reference value; synchronizing the engine speed and the motor speed through an engine speed control; performing torque blending by locking up the engine clutch when the synchronization is completed; and ending the gear-shifting when a target required torque is reached through the torque blending.

Abstract: A scroll compressor for an air conditioning system of a vehicle includes a back pressure circulation structure. Oil and refrigerant discharged from a back pressure chamber to maintain back pressure are directly emitted toward a scroll to ensure circulation of refrigerant. The size of a package incorporating the scroll compressor is reduced through structural simplification.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle capable of starting an engine in the event of failure of a DC-DC converter and a method of controlling the hybrid electric vehicle are provided. The hybrid electric vehicle includes a driving motor, an engine, and a first relay that starts a starter. A second relay is disposed between a first power line, connected the starter and a first battery, and second power line, connects a DC-DC converter that converts the power of a second battery and an electric load. A controller selectively adjusts the states of the first relay and the second relay. Upon determining starting of the engine and detecting failure of the DC-DC converter, the controller maintains the on state of the second relay and turns on the first relay to perform cranking of the engine.

Abstract: Provided is a reflective diffusing lens which controls light emitted from a light emitting element according to an embodiment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reducing carbon dioxide and metal-containing dust and, more particularly, to a method of simultaneously reducing carbon dioxide and metal-containing dust by passing an off-gas, which contains carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide and metal-containing dust, through a reactor in which a sulfur-oxidizing microorganism is grown using carbon dioxide as a carbon source to produce sulfuric acid, and producing metal sulfates (MeSO4) by reaction of the produced sulfur acid with metal components present in the off-gas.

Abstract: A device for controlling sudden unintended acceleration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a sensor for detecting a current acceleration of a vehicle, a first controller that calculates a motor torque command value for driving a motor, calculates an expected acceleration of the vehicle based on the motor torque command value, and compares the expected acceleration with the current acceleration, and a second controller that compares the motor torque command value with a preset value. Therefore, the device may determine a cause of the sudden unintended acceleration and block the sudden unintended acceleration based on the determination result to improve safety of a driver.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle capable of starting an engine in the event of failure of a DC-DC converter and a method of controlling the hybrid electric vehicle are provided. The hybrid electric vehicle includes a driving motor, an engine, and a first relay that starts a starter. A second relay is disposed between a first power line, connected the starter and a first battery, and second power line, connects a DC-DC converter that converts the power of a second battery and an electric load. A controller selectively adjusts the states of the first relay and the second relay. Upon determining starting of the engine and detecting failure of the DC-DC converter, the controller maintains the on state of the second relay and turns on the first relay to perform cranking of the engine.

Abstract: Provided is a reflective diffusing lens which controls light emitted from a light emitting element according to an embodiment.

Abstract: A control method for controlling gear-shifting and lock-up of an engine clutch in a hybrid vehicle includes: detecting a kickdown shift by a driver while the hybrid vehicle is driving in an electric vehicle mode; starting gear-shifting when the kickdown shift is detected; controlling a difference between an engine speed and a motor speed to be equal to or less than a first reference value; synchronizing the engine speed and the motor speed through an engine speed control; performing torque blending by locking up the engine clutch when the synchronization is completed; and ending the gear-shifting when a target required torque is reached through the torque blending.

Abstract: Provided is a reflective diffusing lens which controls light emitted from a light emitting element according to an embodiment.

Abstract: A launch control method for a hybrid vehicle includes: determining an intent of a driver to execute a launch control mode in a state in which an engine is turned-off; when the intent of the driver is to execute the launch control mode, starting the engine and controlling an engine speed; performing a slip control on a slip element of a transmission input terminal; when the engine speed is synchronized with a motor speed or a difference between the engine speed and the motor speed is less than a predetermined range, locking up an engine clutch; when the engine clutch is locked up, performing an engine pre-boosting control to raise an engine torque to a torque at which battery charging is available due to a motor; performing a take-up control on the slip element; and when the take-up control is terminated, locking up the slip element.

Abstract: A device for controlling sudden unintended acceleration according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a sensor for detecting a current acceleration of a vehicle, a first controller that calculates a motor torque command value for driving a motor, calculates an expected acceleration of the vehicle based on the motor torque command value, and compares the expected acceleration with the current acceleration, and a second controller that compares the motor torque command value with a preset value. Therefore, the device may determine a cause of the sudden unintended acceleration and block the sudden unintended acceleration based on the determination result to improve safety of a driver.

Abstract: A method for recovering an active metal of a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application whereby a cathode active material mixture obtained from a used cathode of a lithium secondary battery is prepared, and the cathode active material mixture is reacted in a fluidized bed reactor to form a preliminary precursor mixture. A lithium precursor is recovered from the preliminary precursor mixture. Yield and selectivity of a lithium precursor can be improved using the fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: Provided is a reflective diffusing lens which controls light emitted from a light emitting element according to an embodiment.

Abstract: A launch control method for a hybrid vehicle includes: determining an intent of a driver to execute a launch control mode in a state in which an engine is turned-off; when the intent of the driver is to execute the launch control mode, starting the engine and controlling an engine speed; performing a slip control on a slip element of a transmission input terminal; when the engine speed is synchronized with a motor speed or a difference between the engine speed and the motor speed is less than a predetermined range, locking up an engine clutch; when the engine clutch is locked up, performing an engine pre-boosting control to raise an engine torque to a torque at which battery charging is available due to a motor; performing a take-up control on the slip element; and when the take-up control is terminated, locking up the slip element.