Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method is provided in which a working electrode that causes an oxidation-reduction reaction with a measurement target and a counter electrode connected to the working electrode are provided in an electrolytic solution containing the measurement target, and a measuring voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current that flows between the working electrode and the counter electrode in proportion to the amount of the measurement target, wherein an eliminating electrode is provided in the electrolytic solution, and the method performs: eliminating the measurement target by applying an eliminating voltage, which has the same polarity as the measuring voltage, between the eliminating electrode and the counter electrode to oxidize or reduce the measurement target; diffusing a new measurement target; and measuring the current by applying the measuring voltage between the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement device for measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution includes electrode surfaces, a spacer, and at least one wall plate. The electrode surfaces, the spacer, and the wall plate are arranged on the same flat surface. Each of the electrode surfaces has a diameter del not more than 80 ?m. A height of the spacer has a predetermined value within a range given by h=21.8(del+0.8)/(del+9.7)±5 [?m]. The spacer has a structure in which an enclosed three-dimensional region is not formed by the biological sample, the flat surface, and the spacer while the biological sample is in contact with the spacer. The wall plate has a property of being impervious to a dissolved substance in the solution and has a height not less than the height of the spacer. Two of the electrode surfaces are separated by the wall plate.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method for rapidly and simply detecting endotoxin without using an expensive reagent. The endotoxin detection device includes: a region containing an electrolyte solution; a partitioning member that partitions the region into two compartments such that the two compartments are in communication via a nanopore; a first electrode that is disposed in a first compartment; a second electrode that is disposed in a second compartment and is electrically connected to the first electrode; an electrolyte solution flow generating means that causes electrolyte solution in the first compartment to move to the second compartment via the nanopore; an application means that applies voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a monitoring means that monitors current.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method for rapidly and simply detecting endotoxin without using an expensive reagent. The endotoxin detection device includes: a region containing an electrolyte solution; a partitioning member that partitions the region into two compartments such that the two compartments are in communication via a nanopore; a first electrode that is disposed in a first compartment; a second electrode that is disposed in a second compartment and is electrically connected to the first electrode; an electrolyte solution flow generating means that causes electrolyte solution in the first compartment to move to the second compartment via the nanopore; an application means that applies voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a monitoring means that monitors current.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement device for measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution includes electrode surfaces, a spacer, and at least one wall plate. The electrode surfaces, the spacer, and the wall plate are arranged on the same flat surface. Each of the electrode surfaces has a diameter del not more than 80 ?m. A height of the spacer has a predetermined value within a range given by h=21.8(del+0.8)/(del+9.7)±5 [?m]. The spacer has a structure in which an enclosed three-dimensional region is not formed by the biological sample, the flat surface, and the spacer while the biological sample is in contact with the spacer. The wall plate has a property of being impervious to a dissolved substance in the solution and has a height not less than the height of the spacer. Two of the electrode surfaces are separated by the wall plate.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement device for measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution includes electrode surfaces, a spacer, and at least one wall plate. The electrode surfaces, the spacer, and the wall plate are arranged on the same flat surface. Each of the electrode surfaces has a diameter del not more than 80 ?m. A height of the spacer has a predetermined value within a range given by h=21.8(del+0.8)/(del+9.7)±5 [?m]. The spacer has a structure in which an enclosed three-dimensional region is not formed by the biological sample, the flat surface, and the spacer while the biological sample is in contact with the spacer. The wall plate has a property of being impervious to a dissolved substance in the solution and has a height not less than the height of the spacer. Two of the electrode surfaces are separated by the wall plate.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method is provided in which a working electrode that causes an oxidation-reduction reaction with a measurement target and a counter electrode connected to the working electrode are provided in an electrolytic solution containing the measurement target, and a measuring voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current that flows between the working electrode and the counter electrode in proportion to the amount of the measurement target, wherein an eliminating electrode is provided in the electrolytic solution, and the method performs: eliminating the measurement target by applying an eliminating voltage, which has the same polarity as the measuring voltage, between the eliminating electrode and the counter electrode to oxidize or reduce the measurement target; diffusing a new measurement target; and measuring the current by applying the measuring voltage between the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method is provided in which a working electrode that causes an oxidation-reduction reaction with a measurement target and a counter electrode connected to the working electrode are provided in an electrolytic solution containing the measurement target, and a measuring voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current that flows between the working electrode and the counter electrode in proportion to the amount of the measurement target, wherein an eliminating electrode is provided in the electrolytic solution, and the method performs: eliminating the measurement target by applying an eliminating voltage, which has the same polarity as the measuring voltage, between the eliminating electrode and the counter electrode to oxidize or reduce the measurement target; diffusing a new measurement target; and measuring the current by applying the measuring voltage between the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement apparatus includes: a tank containing electrolytic solution and a sample that generates or consumes measurement target substances in the electrolytic solution; a plurality of uniformly mixed working electrodes; and a counter electrode; the apparatus adapted to simultaneously apply a voltage between each of the working electrodes and the counter electrode; and the apparatus configured to measure a current that flows between each of the working electrodes and the counter electrode; wherein any two working electrode groups are mutually different in at least any of the determined voltage, presence/absence of a molecular modification of an electrode surface, and a species of the molecular modification; and whereby a distribution in measurement area of the currents that flow through the working electrodes is acquired.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement apparatus includes: a tank containing electrolytic solution and a sample that generates or consumes measurement target substances in the electrolytic solution; a plurality of uniformly mixed working electrodes; and a counter electrode; the apparatus adapted to simultaneously apply a voltage between each of the working electrodes and the counter electrode; and the apparatus configured to measure a current that flows between each of the working electrodes and the counter electrode; wherein any two working electrode groups are mutually different in at least any of the determined voltage, presence/absence of a molecular modification of an electrode surface, and a species of the molecular modification; and whereby a distribution in measurement area of the currents that flow through the working electrodes is acquired.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a means for making highly sensitive and stable measurements possible using electrochemical measurement methods. This problem is resolved by providing: a labeling substance represented by general formula (1) and used to label a substrate; a measurement substrate that is formed by being labeled using the labeling substance; a method of measuring using electrochemical measurement methods that use the measurement substrate; and a reagent kit that includes as components the labeling substance and/or the measurement substrate. (In general formula (1), R1 is either H or an alkyl group (CmH2m+1), m is an integer of 1-4, R2 is an alkyl group (CnH2n+1), and n is an integer of 1-4.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method is provided in which a working electrode and a counter electrode are provided in an electrolytic solution containing the measurement target and a measuring voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode in proportion to the amount of the measurement target. A measurement target eliminating thin-wire electrode made of thin wire stretched in such a shape that extends from one point on the bottom into space in the electrolytic solution well and back to another point on the bottom is provided. The electrochemical measurement method includes: eliminating the measurement target by applying an eliminating voltage having the same polarity as the measuring voltage between the measurement target eliminating thin-wire electrode and the counter electrode; and diffusing a new measurement target after stopping the application of the eliminating voltage.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an improved detection method for a specimen substance in a sample. The present invention provides a multiphase polymer fine particle having two or more polymer phases formed by aggregation of two or more polymers, respectively, at least on a surface thereof, wherein a first polymer phase can bind to a specimen substance or a substance that can specifically bind to the specimen substance, and a second polymer phase has a labeling substance. By utilizing the fine particle, the specimen substance in the sample having a biological origin or the like can be quickly detected with high sensitivity.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method for electrochemically measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution is provided which includes performing measurement by placing the biological sample at a distance away from an electrode surface in the direction perpendicular to the electrode surface. The distance is determined in advance on the basis of simulation in which a current flows through a working electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method is provided in which a working electrode that causes an oxidation-reduction reaction with a measurement target and a counter electrode connected to the working electrode are provided in an electrolytic solution containing the measurement target, and a measuring voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current that flows between the working electrode and the counter electrode in proportion to the amount of the measurement target, wherein an eliminating electrode is provided in the electrolytic solution, and the method performs: eliminating the measurement target by applying an eliminating voltage, which has the same polarity as the measuring voltage, between the eliminating electrode and the counter electrode to oxidize or reduce the measurement target; diffusing a new measurement target; and measuring the current by applying the measuring voltage between the working electrode and the counter electrode.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a sensor that can quickly and easily detect primary aldosteronism with a higher accuracy. The present invention provides a method of quickly detecting aldosterone or renin in a sample with high sensitivity, using a multiphase polymer fine particles having at least on a surface thereof two or more polymer phases formed by aggregation of two or more polymers, respectively, wherein aldosterone or renin covalently binds to a first polymer phase, and wherein a second polymer phase has a labeling substance.

Abstract: An electrode chip including one auxiliary cell and a plurality of measurement cells on a substrate, where the auxiliary cell includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and an auxiliary cell-side working electrode, the measurement cell includes a driving electrode and a measurement cell-side working electrode, and the auxiliary cell-side working electrode and the measurement cell-side working electrode are electrically connected.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement device for measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution includes electrode surfaces, a spacer, and at least one wall plate. The electrode surfaces, the spacer, and the wall plate are arranged on the same flat surface. Each of the electrode surfaces has a diameter del not more than 80 ??m. A height of the spacer has a predetermined value within a range given by h=21.8(del+0.8)/(del+9.7)±5[?m]. The spacer has a structure in which an enclosed three-dimensional region is not formed by the biological sample, the flat surface, and the spacer while the biological sample is in contact with the spacer. The wall plate has a property of being impervious to a dissolved substance in the solution and has a height not less than the height of the spacer. Two of the electrode surfaces are separated by the wall plate.

Abstract: An electrochemical measurement method is provided in which a working electrode and a counter electrode are provided in an electrolytic solution containing the measurement target and a measuring voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode to measure a current flowing between the working electrode and the counter electrode in proportion to the amount of the measurement target. A measurement target eliminating thin-wire electrode made of thin wire stretched in such a shape that extends from one point on the bottom into space in the electrolytic solution well and back to another point on the bottom is provided. The electrochemical measurement method includes: eliminating the measurement target by applying an eliminating voltage having the same polarity as the measuring voltage between the measurement target eliminating thin-wire electrode and the counter electrode; and diffusing a new measurement target after stopping the application of the eliminating voltage.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a means for making highly sensitive and stable measurements possible using electrochemical measurement methods. This problem is resolved by providing: a labeling substance represented by general formula (1) and used to label a substrate; a measurement substrate that is formed by being labeled using the labeling substance; a method of measuring using electrochemical measurement methods that use the measurement substrate; and a reagent kit that includes as components the labeling substance and/or the measurement substrate. (In general formula (1), R1 is either H or an alkyl group (CmH2m+1), m is an integer of 1-4, R2 is an alkyl group (CnH2n+1), and n is an integer of 1-4.